Chapter 53

Front 1

interspecific interactions

Back 1

realtionships between species of a community

Front 2

ecological niche

Back 2

the sum total of a species use of biotic and abiotic resoures in its enviroment

Front 3

resource partitioning

Back 3

the differenation of niches that enables similar communites to coexist in a community

Front 4

allopatric species

Back 4

morphologically similar and use similar resources

Front 5

sympatric species

Back 5

compete for resources and show differences in body structure and resources they need

Front 6

character displacement

Back 6

tendancy for character displacement to be more divergant in sympatric populations of the two speices than in an allopatric population

Front 7

predation

Back 7

the preditor eats the prey

Front 8

cryptic coloration

Back 8

camouflage making prey hard to spot against its background

Front 9

aposeematic coloration

Back 9

the bright coloration of animals with effective physical or chemical defensives that act as a warning to predators

Front 10

batesian mimicry

Back 10

harmless species looks like a species that is poisonous or harmful

Front 11

mullerian mimicry

Back 11

both have the same color

Front 12

herbivory

Back 12

herbivore eats parts of a plant or algae

Front 13

parasitism

Back 13

when the parasite benifits at the cost of the host by living within or living on it

Front 14

pathogen

Back 14

a disease causing agent

Front 15

commensalism

Back 15

when one organism benifits but the other is neither helped nor harmed

Front 16

coevolution

Back 16

evolutionary adaptions of two interacting species

Front 17

species diversity

Back 17

the variety of different kinds of organisms that make up the community

Front 18

species richness

Back 18

the total number of different species in the community

Front 19

relative abundance

Back 19

the portion each species represents of the total individuals in the community

Front 20

tropic structure

Back 20

the different feeding relationships in an ecosystem which determine the route of energy flow and the pattern of chemical cycling

Front 21

food web

Back 21

the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem

Front 22

enegetic hypothisis

Back 22

suggest that length of a food chain is limited by the inefficency of energy tranfer along the chain

Front 23

dynamic stability hypothisis

Back 23

long food chains are less stable than short ones

Front 24

dominant species

Back 24

species in a community that are most abundant or have the highest biomass

Front 25

biomass

Back 25

the total mass of all individuals in a population

Front 26

invasive species

Back 26

species introduced by humans that are outside of their native range

Front 27

keystone species

Back 27

a species that is not abundant but exherts strong control on a community structure by the nature of its niche

Front 28

facilators

Back 28

a species that has a postive effect on the survival and the reproduction of other species

Front 29

biomanipulation

Back 29

restoring lakesthat reduce populationsof algae by changing the higher-level consumers than changing the nutrient levels

Front 30

nonequilbrium model

Back 30

the model of communites that says they are not stable in time but constantly changing after being buffeted by disturbances

Front 31

intermediate disturbance hypothisis

Back 31

moderate levels of disturbance can foster greater species diversity than low or high levels of disturbance

Front 32

ecological sucession

Back 32

the distubed area may be colonized by a variety of species which are gradually replaced by other species

Front 33

primary sucession

Back 33

occurs in a virtually lifeless area where there were originally no organisms and where soil has not formed yet

Front 34

secondary sucession

Back 34

where an exisiting community has been cleared by some disturbances that leave the soil intact

Front 35

evapotranspiration

Back 35

the evaporation of water from soil plus the transpiration of water from plants

Front 36

intergrated hypothisis

Back 36

concept that a community is an assembledge of closely linked species locked into association of biotic factors to make them function as one

Front 37

indivdualisitc hypothisis

Back 37

concept that a plant community is a chance assemblege of species found in the same area because they require the smae abiotic factors

Front 38

rivet model

Back 38

concept that many species are associated tightly with other species in a food web and that an increase/decrease will affect many other species in the community

Front 39

redundancy model

Back 39

concept that most species in a community are not tightly coupled in a food web and an increase/decrease will not effect many other species