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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Ethology
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The study of behavior and it's relationships to it's evolutionary origins
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Fixed action pattern
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An innate behavior that, once begun, is continued to completion, no matter how useless
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A fixed action pattern is triggered by a
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Sign stimulus, an external stimuli
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When sign stimuli are exchanged between member of the same species, they are known as
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Releases
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The stickleback will/will not attack an invading male stickleback lacking a red underbelly
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Will not
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Learning
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A sophisticated process in which the responses of the organism are modified as a result of experience
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Habituation
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1) one of the simplest forms of learning
2) animal comes to ignore a persistent stimulus so it can go about its business |
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Associative learning
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1) type of learning in which one stimulus becomes linked to another through experience
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Classical conditioning
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An arbitrary stimulus is associated with a reward or punishment
-Example: dogs trained to associate the sound if a bell with food |
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Operant conditioning
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Aka= trial and error learning
-an animal learns to associate one of it's own behaviors with a reward or punishment |
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Imprinting
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Learning that occurs during a sensitive or critical period in the early life of an individual
- it is IRREVERSABLE |
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Sensitive period
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A limited phase in an animal's development that is the only time when certain behaviors can be learned
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Altruism
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Selflessness
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Social learning
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Learning through observing others
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Cooperation
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Enables individuals to carry out a behavior, such as hunting, thar they can do as a group more successfully than they can do separately
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Agonistic behavior
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Aggressive behavior
-involves a variety of threats or actual combats to settle disputes among individuals |
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Dominance hierarchies
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Pecking order behaviors that dictate the social position an animal has in a culture.
-example= alpha animal controls the behaviors of all animals |
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Territory
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An area an organism defends and from which other members of the community are excluded in
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Kin selection
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When an individual sacrifices itself for the family (altruism), it is sacrificing itself for the relatives that share similar genes
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Karl Von Frisch
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Known for his extensive studies of honeybee communication and his famous description of the waggle dance of bees
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Niko tinbergen
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Known for his elucidation of the fixed action pattern
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Konrad lorenz
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Famous for his work with imprinting
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Ivan pavlov
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1) ingenious work of classical conditioning
(trained his dogs to associate the sound of a bell with food, even when no food was present) |
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B.F. Skinner
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1) Studied operant conditioning
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WhAt kind of conditioning do animal trainers use
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Operant conditioning
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A releaser
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A sign stimulus that functions as a signal to trigger a certain behavior in another member of the same species
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Optimal foraging theory
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Views foraging behavior as a compromise between the benefits of nutrition And the costs of obtaining food
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Promiscuous
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With no strong pair-bonds or lasting relationships
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Monogamous
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One male mating with one female
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Polygamous
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An individual of one sex mating with several of the other
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Polygyny
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A single male mates with several females
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Polyandry
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A single female mates with several males
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Pheromones
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Chemical substances emitted for animals that communicate through odors
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Taxis
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A more or less, automatic, oriented movement toward a positive taxis or away from a negative taxis
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Kinesis
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A simple change in activity or turning rate in response to a stimulus (random moving)
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