Chapter 5 Vocab

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Centriole
(Michael Perez)

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Found in the cells of animals and some alge and fungi 2 pairs of centrioles play an important roll in cell reproduction

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chloroplast

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doubled walled in plants and some alge functions in photosynthesis to trap light energy

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chromatin

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dense mass of materail with in the nucleus that is composed with indevedual cromizons

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chromosome

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structure that cares the genes coposed of protines and DNA

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cilia

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flexibale projections extending out word twords a cell that enables locomotion PARAMECIUM moved by the motion of cilla

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Cytoplasm

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Substance contained by living cells that is complex mixtru of enzymes sugars and animo acids these sobstances are constatnlly in volved in chemical reactions

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endoplasmic reticulum

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network of interconnected structuers found in all eukaryotes functions include intracelluar transport to protiens and the breakdown of harmfull substances

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eukaryote

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any organism having as its fundamental structural unit a cell type that contains specialized organelles in the cytoplasm, a membrane-bound nucleus enclosing genetic material organized into chromosomes, and an elaborate system of division by mitosis or meiosis, characteristic of all life forms except bacteria, blue-green algae, and other primitive microorganisms.

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flagella

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a long, lashlike appendage serving as an organ of locomotion in protozoa, sperm cells

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Golgi body

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an organelle, consisting of layers of flattened sacs, that takes up and processes secretory and synthetic products from the endoplasmic reticulum and then either releases the finished products into various parts of the cell cytoplasm or secretes them to the outside of the cell.

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lysosome

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a cell organelle containing enzymes that digest particles and that disintegrate the cell after its death.

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metabolism

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the sum of the physical and chemical processes in an organism by which its material substance is produced, maintained, and destroyed, and by which energy is made available.

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microfilament

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a minute, narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape.

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microfilament

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a minute, narrow tubelike cell structure composed of a protein similar to actin, occurring singly and in bundles, involved in cytoplasmic movement and changes in cell shape.

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microtubule

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Any of the proteinaceous cylindrical hollow structures that are distributed throughout the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells, providing structural support and assisting in cellular locomotion and transport.

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mitochondria

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A spherical or elongated organelle in the cytoplasm of nearly all eukaryotic cells, containing genetic material and many enzymes important for cell metabolism, including those responsible for the conversion of food to usable energy. Also called chondriosome.

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nucleoli

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A small, typically round granular body composed of protein and RNA in the nucleus of a cell. It is usually associated with a specific chromosomal site and involved in ribosomal RNA synthesis and the formation of ribosomes.

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nucleus

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a specialized, usually spherical mass of protoplasm encased in a double membrane, and found in most living eukaryotic cells, directing their growth, metabolism, and reproduction, and functioning in the transmission of genic characters.

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organ

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a grouping of tissues into a distinct structure, as a heart or kidney in animals or a leaf or stamen in plants, that performs a specialized task.

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prokaryote

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any cellular organism that has no nuclear membrane, no organelles in the cytoplasm except ribosomes, and has its genetic material in the form of single continuous strands forming coils or loops, characteristic of all organisms in the kingdom Monera, as the bacteria and blue-green algae

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ribosome

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a tiny, somewhat mitten-shaped organelle occurring in great numbers in the cell cytoplasm either freely, in small clusters, or attached to the outer surfaces of endoplasmic reticula, and functioning as the site of protein manufacture.

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symbiosis

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the living together of two dissimilar organisms, as in mutualism, commensalism, amensalism, or parasitism

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system

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an assemblage of organs or related tissues concerned with the same function: the nervous system; the digestive system.

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tissue

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an aggregate of similar cells and cell products forming a definite kind of structural material with a specific function, in a multicellular organism.

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vacuole

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a membrane-bound cavity within a cell, often containing a watery liquid or secretion