Chapter 5 - The Chemistry Of Life

Front 1

All biomolecules are based on what element

Back 1

Carbon

Front 2

What is the structure of an atom?

Back 2

Protons – positive charge
Electrons – Negative
Neutrons – Neutral

Front 3

atomic number

Back 3

is the number of protons in an atom.

Front 4

atomic mass

Back 4

total number of protons and neutrons in an atom

Front 5

Isotops

Back 5

differ in atomic mass. They have the same number of protons and electrons but differ in the number of neutrons

Front 6

Radioisotopes

Back 6

have unstable nuclei that decay into simpler forms, releasing high energy radiation

Front 7

Covalent Bonds

Back 7

2 molecules that share an electron

Front 8

Ions

Back 8

atoms that have gained or lost electrons and have an electrical charge

Front 9

Ionic Bond

Back 9

is a bond that occurs between negatively and positively charged ions

Front 10

Hydrogen bonds

Back 10

is the weak electrical attraction between a hydrogen atom with a partial positive charge and a partially negative neighboring atom

Front 11

What is a molecule?

Back 11

2 or more atoms that share electrons. They can contain atoms of the same element or have different elements

Front 12

Compound?

Back 12

is a substance that contains atoms from 2 or more different elements. For example, a water molecule is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Front 13

How does the amount of electrons an atom/element has determine how many chemical bonds it can make with another element?

Back 13

Electrons are housed in the electron shell around the nucleus. When all shells are filled to capacity an atom is in its most stable state. Atomic shells are filled starting from the innermost shell which can hold a max of 2 electrons. The next shell can hold a max of 8 electrons. When an atoms electron shell isn’t filled it’s unstable and begins sharing electrons to fill its outer shell and become more stable.

Front 14

The number of covalent bonds an atom can form is

Back 14

equal to the number of electrons needed to fill its outermost shell.

Front 15

Isotope

Back 15

different # of neutrons
Typically Protons=neutrons=electrons

Front 16

,ion

Back 16

different number of electrons
Typically Protons=neutrons=electrons

Front 17

Representations of a molecule

Back 17

1 - Chemical formula H2O
2. Structural formula O
/ \
H H
3. Ball and stick -circles around the elements
4. Space filling (mushed together)

Front 18

How do you make salt?

Back 18

An ionic bond caused by positive charged sodium ions (NA+) and negatively charged chlorine ions CI = NACI

Front 19

Chemical Reactants

Back 19

can create or destroy atoms. It's the chemical reaction of breaking down chemical bonds or creating new ones

Front 20

Reactant

Back 20

substance that undergoes a chemical reaction

Front 21

Product

Back 21

The newly formed substance from a chemical reaction

Front 22

pH

Back 22

measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (scale 0-14)

Front 23

acids

Back 23

hydrophilic compound that releases hydrogen (h+) when it desolves in water

Front 24

Acids ____ hydrogen ions into a solution

Back 24

adds or releases hydrogen ions into a solution

Front 25

A base ______ hydrogen ions from a solution

Back 25

removes hydrogen ions from a solution

Front 26

A Base

Back 26

is hydrophilic compound that accepts hydrogen (h+) ions. by accepting h+ ions, it has the overall effect of reducing the concentration of free ions in a solution

Front 27

Water ph

Back 27

neutral - concentration of h+ ions and hydroxide ions are equal

Front 28

Matter

Back 28

has mass and occupies space

Front 29

element

Back 29

cannot be broken down in other substances

Front 30

atom

Back 30

smallest unit of an element