Chapter 5 Terminology

Front 1

adipo, lipo, steato

Back 1

fat

Front 2

dermo, dermato, cutaneo

Back 2

skin

Front 3

erythro

Back 3

red

Front 4

hidro

Back 4

sweat

Front 5

histo, histio

Back 5

tissue

Front 6

ichthyo

Back 6

fish

Front 7

kerato, sclera

Back 7

hard

Front 8

leuko

Back 8

white

Front 9

melano

Back 9

black

Front 10

myco

Back 10

fungus

Front 11

onycho

Back 11

nail

Front 12

plaso

Back 12

formation

Front 13

purpuro

Back 13

purple

Front 14

sebo

Back 14

sebum, oil

Front 15

squamo

Back 15

scale

Front 16

tricho

Back 16

hair

Front 17

xantho

Back 17

yellow

Front 18

xero

Back 18

dry

Front 19

epithelium

Back 19

cells covering the external & internal surfaces of the body

Front 20

epidermis

Back 20

thin, cellular outer layer of the skin

Front 21

squamous cell layer

Back 21

flat, scale-like epithelial cells comprising the outermost layers of the epidermis (epidermis)

Front 22

basal layer

Back 22

deepest regions of the epidermis (epidermis)

Front 23

melanocyte

Back 23

a cell found in the basal layer that gives color to the skin

Front 24

melanin

Back 24

dark brown to black pigment contained in melanocytes

Front 25

dermis (corium)

Back 25

dense, fibrous connective tissue layer of the skin

Front 26

sebaceous glands

Back 26

oil glands in skin

Front 27

sebum

Back 27

oily substance secreted by the sebaceous glands

Front 28

sudoriferous glands

Back 28

sweat glands (sudor = sweat; ferrer = to bear)

Front 29

subcutaneous tissue

Back 29

connective & adipose tissue layer just under the dermis

Front 30

collagen

Back 30

protein substance found in skin & connective tissue

Front 31

hair

Back 31

outgrowth of the skin composed of keratin

Front 32

nail

Back 32

outgrowth of the skin attached to the distal end of each finger & toe, composed of keratin

Front 33

keratin

Back 33

hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, & nails

Front 34

lesion

Back 34

area of pathologically altered tissue (2 types: primary & secondary)

Front 35

primary lesions

Back 35

arising from previously normal skin

Front 36

macule (macula)

Back 36

a flat, discolored spot on teh skin up to 1 cm across (e.g. a freckle) - flat, nonpalpable change in skin color

Front 37

patch

Back 37

a flat, discolored area on the skin larger than 1 cm (e.g. vitilogo) - flat, nonpalpable change in skin color

Front 38

papule

Back 38

a solid mass on the skin up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g. a nevus/mole) - elevated, palpable, solid mass

Front 39

plaque

Back 39

a solid mass greater than 1 cm in diameter, limited to the surface of the skin - elevated, palpable, solid mass

Front 40

nodule

Back 40

a solid mass greater than 1 cm, which extends deeper into the epidermis - elevated, palpable, solid mass

Front 41

tumor

Back 41

a solid mass larger than 1-2 cm - elevated, palpable, solid mass

Front 42

wheal

Back 42

an area of localized skin edema (swelling) (e.g. a hive) - elevated, palpable, solid mass

Front 43

vesicle

Back 43

little bladder; an elevated, fluid-filled sac (blister) within or under the epidermis up to 0.5 cm in diameter (e.g. a fever blister) - elevation formed by fluid within a cavity

Front 44

bulla

Back 44

a blister larger than 0.5 cm (e.g. a second-degree burn) (bulla = bubble) - elevation formed by fluid within a cavity

Front 45

pustule

Back 45

a pus-filled sac (e.g. a pimple) - elevation formed by fluid within a cavity

Front 46

secondary lesion

Back 46

lesions that result in changes in primary lesions

Front 47

erosion

Back 47

to gnaw away; loss of superficial epidermis leaving an area of moisture but no bleeding (e.g. an area of moisture after rupture of a vesicle) - loss of skin surface

Front 48

ulcer

Back 48

an open sore on the skin or mucous membrane that can bleed & scar & is sometimes accompanied by infection (e.g. decubitus ulcer) - loss of skin surface

Front 49

excoriation

Back 49

a scratch mark (e.g. from a cat scratch) - loss of skin surface

Front 50

fissure

Back 50

a linear crack in the skin - loss of skin surface

Front 51

scale

Back 51

a thin flake of exfoliated epidermis (e.g. dandruff) - material on skin surface

Front 52

crust

Back 52

dried residue of serum (body liquid), pus, or blood on the skin (e.g. in impetigo) - material on skin surface

Front 53

cicatrix of the skin

Back 53

a mark left by the healing of a sore or would showing the replacment of destroyed tissue by fibrous tissue (cicatrix = scar) - other secondary lesion

Front 54

keloid

Back 54

an abnormal overgorwth of scar tissue that is thick & irregular (kele = tumor) - other secondary lesions

Front 55

vascular lesions

Back 55

lesions of a blood vessel - other secondary lesions

Front 56

cherry angioma

Back 56

a small, round, bright-red blood vessel tumor onthe skin, often on the trunk of the elderly - vascular lesion

Front 57

telangiectasia, spider angioma

Back 57

a tiny, red blood vessel lesion formed by the dilation of a group of blood vessels radiating from a central arteriole, most commonly seen on the face, neck or chest (telos = end) - vascular lesion

Front 58

purpuric lesions

Back 58

purpura; lesions as a result of hemorrhages into the skin

Front 59

petechia

Back 59

spot; a reddish-borwn, minute hemorrhagic spot on the skin that indicates a bleeding tendency - small purpura

Front 60

ecchymosis

Back 60

bruise; a black & blue mark - large purpura (chymo = juice)

Front 61

epidermal tumors

Back 61

skin tumors arising from the epidermis

Front 62

nevus

Back 62

a congenital malformation on the skin that can be epidermal or vascular - also called a mole

Front 63

dysplastic nevus

Back 63

a mole with precancerous changes

Front 64

verruca

Back 64

an epidermal tumor caused by a papilloma virus - also called a wart

Front 65

eruption

Back 65

appearance of a skin lesion

Front 66

erythema

Back 66

redness of skin

Front 67

pruritus

Back 67

severe itching

Front 68

rash

Back 68

a general term for skin eruption, most often associated with communicable disease

Front 69

skin pigmentation

Back 69

skin color d/t the presence of mealnin

Front 70

depigmentation

Back 70

loss of melanin pigment in the skin

Front 71

hypopigmentation

Back 71

areas of skin lacking color d/t deficient amounts of melanin

Front 72

hyperpigmentation

Back 72

darkened areas of skin caused by excessive amounts of melanin

Front 73

suppuration

Back 73

production of purulent matter (pus)

Front 74

urticaria

Back 74

hives;an eruption of wheals on the skin accompanied by itch (urtica = stinging nettle)

Front 75

xeroderma

Back 75

dry skin

Front 76

alopecia

Back 76

baldness; natural or unnatural deficiency of hair

Front 77

comedo (pl. comedos, comedones)

Back 77

a pub of sebum (oil) within the opening of a hair follicle

Front 78

close comedo (whitehead)

Back 78

below the skin surface with a white center

Front 79

open comedo (blackhead)

Back 79

open to the skin surface with a black center caused by the presence of melanin exposed to air

Front 80

acne

Back 80

an inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles of the skin evidenced by comedones, pustules, or nodules on the skin (acne = point)

Front 81

albinism

Back 81

a hereditary condition characterized by a partial or total lack of melanin pigment (particularly in the eyes, skin, & hair)

Front 82

burn

Back 82

an injury to body tissue caused by heat, chemicals, electricity, radiation, or gases

Front 83

first-degree burn

Back 83

a burn involving only the epidermis, characterized by erythema (redness) & hyperesthesia (excessive sensation)

Front 84

second-degree burn

Back 84

a burn involving the epidermis & the dermis, characterized by erythema, hyperesthesia, & vesications (blisters)

Front 85

third-degree burn

Back 85

a burn involving all the layers of the skin, characterized by the destruction of the epidermis & dermis with damage or destruction of the subcutaneous tissue

Front 86

cellulitis

Back 86

an acute inflammation of subcutaneous tissue resulting from a bacterial invasion through a break in the skin (cellula = small storeroom)

Front 87

dermatitis (eczema)

Back 87

an inflammation of the skin characterized by redness, pruritis (itching), & various lesions

Front 88

atopic dermatitis (atopic eczema)

Back 88

a chronic skin inflammation characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules & vesicles that crust & scale, with sever itching & burning; most outbreaks begin in infancy & are marked by exacerbations & remissions that usually clear up before adulthood; occurs in persons with atopy (a genetic hypersensitivyt to environmental irritants or allergens)

Front 89

contact dermatitis

Back 89

an inflammation of the skin resulting from contact with a substance to which one is allergic (e.g. chemicals in dyes, preservatives, fragrances, rubber; allergic dermatitis); or one that is a known skin irritant (e.g. acid, solvent; irritant dermatitis)

Front 90

seborrheic dermatitis

Back 90

redness of the skin covered by a yellow, oily, itchy scale most commonly at the hairline, forehead, & around the nose, ears, or eyelashes & developing @ any age; referred to as "cradle cap" in infants

Front 91

dermatosis

Back 91

any D/O of the skin

Front 92

exanthematous viral disease

Back 92

eruption of the skin caused by a viral disease (exanthema = eruption)

Front 93

rubella

Back 93

reddish; German measles - example of exanthematous viral disease

Front 94

rubeola

Back 94

reddish; 14-day measles - example of exanthematous viral disease

Front 95

varicella

Back 95

a tiny spot; chickenpox - example of exanthematous viral disease

Front 96

eczema

Back 96

to boil out; the term is often used interchangeably with dermatitis to denote a skin condition characterized by the appearance of inflamed, swollen papules & vesicles that crust & scale, often with sensations of itching & burning

Front 97

furuncle

Back 97

a boil; a painful nodule formed in the skin by inflammation originating in a hair follicle - caused by staphylococcosis

Front 98

carbuncle

Back 98

a skin infection consisting of clusters of furuncles (carbo = small, glowing embers)

Front 99

abscess

Back 99

a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by the inflammation of surrounding tissues that heals when drained or excised (abscessus = a going away)

Front 100

gangrene

Back 100

an eating sore; death of tissue associated with a loss of blood supply resulting from trauma or an inflammatory or infectious process such as seen in complications of frostbite, sever burns, & conditions that affect circulation (e.g. diabetes)

Front 101

herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1)

Back 101

transient viral vesicles (e.g. cold sores, fever blisters) that infect the facial area, especially teh mouth & nose (herpes = creeping skin disease)

Front 102

herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2)

Back 102

sexually transmitted ulcer-like lesions of the gnetial & anorectal skin & mucosa; after initial infection, the virus lies dormant in the nerve cell root & may recur @ times of stress

Front 103

herpes zoster

Back 103

a viral disease affecting the peripheral nerves characterized by painful blisters that spread over the skin following the affected nerves; usually unilateral - also known as shingles (zoster = girdle)

Front 104

ichthyosis

Back 104

a skin condition caused by a gene defect that results in dry, thick, scaly skin; ichthyosis vulgaris is the most common of many types (vulgaris = common)

Front 105

impetigo

Back 105

highly contagious, bacterial skin inflammation marked by pustules that rupture & become crusted - most offen occurs around the mouth & nostrils

Front 106

keratoses

Back 106

thickened areas of epidermis

Front 107

actinic keratosis

Back 107

localized thickening of the skin caused by excessive exposure to sunlight; a known precursor to cancer (actinic = ray; solar = sun)

Front 108

seborrheic keratosis

Back 108

benign wart-like lesions (seen especially on elderly skin)

Front 109

lupus

Back 109

a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation of various parts of the body (lupus = wolf)

Front 110

cutaneous lupus

Back 110

limited to the skin; evidenced by a characteristic rash especially on the face, neck, & scalp

Front 111

systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

Back 111

a more sever form of lupus involving the skin, joints, & often the vital organs (e.g. lungs, kidneys)

Front 112

malignant cutaneous neoplasm

Back 112

skin cancer

Front 113

squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)

Back 113

a malignant tumor of squamous epithelium

Front 114

basal cell carcinoma (BCC)

Back 114

a malignant tumor of the basal layer of the skin epidermis (the most common type of skin cancer)

Front 115

malignant melanoma

Back 115

a malignant tumor composed of melanocytes - most develop from a pigmented nevus over time

Front 116

Kaposi sarcoma

Back 116

a malignant tumor of the walls of blood vessels appearing as painless, dark bluish-purple plaques on the skin; often spreads to the lymph nodes & internal organs

Front 117

onychia

Back 117

inflammation of the fingernail or toenail

Front 118

paronychia

Back 118

inflammation of the nail fold

Front 119

pediculosis

Back 119

infestation with lice that causes itching & dermatitis (pediculo = louse)

Front 120

pediculosis capitis

Back 120

head lice (capitis = head)

Front 121

pediculosis pubis

Back 121

lice that generally infect the pubic region, but hair of the axilla, eyebrows, lashes, beard, or other hairy body surfaces may also be involved - also called crabs (pubis = groin)

Front 122

psoriasis

Back 122

an itching; a chronic recurrent skin disease marked by silver-gray scales covering red patches on the skin that result from overproduction & thickening of skin cells - elbows, knees, genitals, arms, legs, scalp, & nails are common sites of involvement

Front 123

scabies

Back 123

a contagious disease caused by a parasite (mite) that invades the skin, causing an intense itch - most often found @ articulations b/w the fingers or toes, elbow, etc. (scabo = to scratch)

Front 124

seborrhea

Back 124

a skin condition amrked by the hypersecretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands

Front 125

tinea

Back 125

a group of fungal skin diseases identified by the body part that is affected, including tinea corporis (body), commonly called ringworm, & tinea pedis (foot), also called athlete's foot

Front 126

vitiligo

Back 126

a condition caused by the destruction of melanin that results in the appearance of white patches on the skin, commonly the face, hands, legs, & genital areas

Front 127

biopsy (Bx)

Back 127

removal of a small piece of tissue for microscopic pathological examination

Front 128

excisional Bx

Back 128

removal of an entire lesion

Front 129

incisional Bx

Back 129

removal of a selected portion of a lesion

Front 130

shave Bx

Back 130

a technique using a surgical blade to "shave" tissue from the epidermis & upper dermis

Front 131

culture & sensitivity (C&S)

Back 131

a technique of isolating & growing colonies of microorganisms to identify a pathogen & to determine which drugs might be effective in combating the infection it has cuased

Front 132

frozen section (FS)

Back 132

a surgical method involving cutting a thin piece of tissue from a frozen specimen for immediate pathological examination

Front 133

skin tests

Back 133

methods for determining the reaction of the body to a given substance by applying it to, or injecting it into, the skin - commonly seen in treating allergy

Front 134

scratch test

Back 134

the substance is applied to the skin through a scratch

Front 135

patch test

Back 135

the substance is applied topically to the skin on a small piece of blotting paper or wet cloth

Front 136

chemosurgery, chemical peel

Back 136

technique for restoring wrinkled, scarred, or blemished skin by application of an acid solution to "peel" away the top layers of the skin

Front 137

cryosurgery

Back 137

destruction of tissue by freezing - involving application of an extremely cold chemical (e.g. liquid nitrogen)

Front 138

dermabrasion

Back 138

surgical removal of frozen epidermis using wire brushes & emery papers to remove scars, tattoos, &/or wrinkes; aerosol spray is used to freeze the skin

Front 139

debridement

Back 139

removal of dead tissue from a wound or burn site to promote healing & prevent infection

Front 140

curettage

Back 140

to clean; scraping a wound using a spoon-like cutting instrument called a curette; this technique is used in debridement

Front 141

electrosurgical procedures

Back 141

use of electric currents to destroy tissue - the type & strength of the current & method of application varies

Front 142

electrocautery

Back 142

use of an instrument heated by electric current (cautery) to coagulate bleeding areas by burning the tissue (e.g. to sear a blood vessel)

Front 143

electrodesiccation

Back 143

use of short, high-frequency, electric currents to destroy tissue by drying - the active electrode makes direct contact with the skin lesion (desicco = to dry up)

Front 144

fulguration

Back 144

to lighten; use of long, high-frequency, electric sparks to destroy tissue; the active electrode does not touch the skin

Front 145

incision & drainage (I&D)

Back 145

incision & drainage of an infected skin legion (e.g. an abscess)

Front 146

laser surgery

Back 146

surgery using a laser in various dermatological procedures to remove lesions, scars, tattoos, etc.

Front 147

laser

Back 147

an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation; an instrument that concnetrates high frequencies of light into a small, extremely intense beam that is precise in depth & diameter; it is applied to body tissues to destroy or for dissection (cutting of parts for study)

Front 148

Mohs surgery

Back 148

a technique used to excise tumors of teh skin by removing fresh tissue layer by layer until a tumor-free plane is reached

Front 149

skin grafting

Back 149

transfer of skin from 1 body site to another to replace skin lost through burns or injury

Front 150

autograft

Back 150

transfer to a new position in the body of the same person (auto = self)

Front 151

homograft, allograft

Back 151

donor transfer b/w individuals of the same species such as human to human (homo = same; allo = other)

Front 152

xenograft, heterograft

Back 152

a graft transfer from 1 animal species to 1 of another species (xeno = strange; hetero = different)

Front 153

chemotherapy

Back 153

treatment of malignancies, infections, & other diseases with chemical agents that destroy selected cells or impair their ability to reproduce

Front 154

radiation therapy

Back 154

treatment of neoplastic disease by using ionizing radiation to deter proliferation of malignant cells

Front 155

sclerotherapy

Back 155

use of sclerosing agents in treating diseases (e.g. injection of a saline solution into a dilated blood vessel tumor in the skin, resulting in hardening of tissue within & eventual sloughing away of the lesion)

Front 156

ultraviolet therapy

Back 156

use of UV light to promote healing of a skin lesion (e.g. an ulcer)

Front 157

anesthetic

Back 157

a drug that temporarily blocks transmission of nerve conduction to produce a loss of sensations (e.g. pain)

Front 158

antibiotic

Back 158

a drug that kills or inhibits the growth of microorganisms

Front 159

antifungal

Back 159

a drug that kills or prevents the growth of fungi

Front 160

antihistamine

Back 160

a drug that blocks the effects of histamine in the body

Front 161

histamine

Back 161

a regulating body substance released in excess during allergic reactions causing swelling & inflammation of tissues (e.g. in urticaria (hives), hay fever)

Front 162

anti-inflammatory

Back 162

a drug that reduces inflammation

Front 163

antipruritic

Back 163

a drug that relieves itching

Front 164

antiseptic

Back 164

an agent that inhibits the growth of infectious microorganisms