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42 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

1. Looking-Glass Self

The self-image that reflects how others respond to a person, particularly as a child.

2. Gestures
A movement of one animal or human that elicits a mindless, automatic, and appropriate response from another animal or human.

3. Significant Symbol

A gesture that arouses in the individual the same kind of response, although it need not be identical, as it is supposed to elicit from those to whom the gesture is addressed.

4. Symbolic Interaction
Interaction on the basis of not only gestures but also significant symbols.
5. Mind
An internal conversation that arises in relation to, and is continuous with, interactions, especially conversations that one has with others in the social world.
6. Self
The sense of oneself as an object.
7. Play Stage
Mead’s first stage in the socialization process in which children learn to take on the attitudes of specific others toward themselves.
8. Game Stage
Mead’s second stage in the socialization process in which a child develops a self in the full sense of the term, because it is then that the child begins to take on the role of a group of people simultaneously rather than the roles of discrete individuals.
9. Generalized Other
A group or community that provides the self with a sources of self-definition.
10. “I”
The immediate response of an individual to others; the part of the self that is incalculable, unpredictable, and creative.
11. “Me”
The organized set of other’s attitudes assumed by the individual; involves the adoption by the individual of the generalized other.
12. Dramaturgy
The view that social life is a series of dramatic performances akin to those that take place in a theater and on a stage.
13. Impression Management
People’s use of a variety of techniques to control the image of themselves that they want to project during their social performances.
14. Front Stage
The part of the social world where the social performance is idealized and designed to define the situation for those who observe it.
15. Back Stage
The part of the social world where people feel free to express themselves in ways that are suppressed in the front stage.
16. Socialization
The process through which a person learns and generally comes to accept the ways of a group or of society as a whole.
17. Agents of Socialization
Those who do the socializing.
18. Primary Socialization
The acquisition of language, identities, gender roles, cultural routines, norms, and values from parents and other family members at the earliest stages of an individual’s life.
19. Anticipatory Socialization
The teaching (and learning) of what will be expected of one in the future.
20. Reverse Socialization
The socialization of those who normally do the socializing- for example, children socializing their parents.
21. Resocialization
The unlearning of old behaviors, norms, and values and the learning of new ones.
22. Total Institution
A closed, all-encompassing place of residence and work set off from the rest of society that meets all of the needs of those enclosed within it.
23. Interaction
A social engagement that involves two or more individuals who perceive, and orient their actions to, one another.
24. Reciprocity
The expectation that those involved in an interaction will give and receive rewards or roughly equal value.
25. Conversation Analysis
Analysis of how people accomplish conversations.
26. Interaction Order
An area of interaction that is organized and orderly, but in which the order is created informally by those involved in the interaction rather than by some formal structure.
27. Status
A dimension of social stratification system that relates to the prestige attached to people’s positions within society.
28. Role
What is generally expected of a person who occupies a given status.
29. Ascribed Status
A position in which individuals are placed, or to which they move, that has nothing to do with what they have done or their capacities or accomplishments.
30. Master Status
A position that is more important than any others, both for the person in the position and for all others involved.
31. Role Conflict
Conflicting expectations associated with a given position or multiple positions.
32. Role Overload
Confrontation with more expectations than a person can possibly handle.
33. Role-Making

The ability of people to modify their roles, at least to some degree.

34. Social Structures
Enduring and regular social arrangements, such as the family and the state.
35. Dyad
A two-person group.
36. Triad
A three-person group.
37. Group

A relatively small number of people who over time develop a patterned relationship based on interaction with one another.

38. Primary Groups

Groups that are small, are close-knit, and have intimate face-to-face interaction.

39. Secondary Groups

Generally large, impersonal groups in which ties are relatively weak an dmembers do not know one another very well, and whose impact on members is typically not very powerful.

40. Reference Groups

Groups that people take into consideration in evaluating themselves.

41. In-Group
A group to which people belong and with which they identify, perhaps strongly.
42. Out-Group

A group to which outsiders (at least from the perspective of the in-group) belong.