Sociology Cue Cards

Front 1

Sociologists use the term _____________-- to refer to patterns of relationships that endure from one generation to another.

Back 1

social structure

Front 2

what is the sociological term for the socially defined positions that are characterized by certain rights, expectations and duties?

Back 2

Social Status

Front 3

A/An ___________________ is a social position that is given or assigned, ussually at birth.

Back 3

Ascribed Status

Front 4

The status of being a prime minister is an?

Back 4

acheived status

Front 5

Cooley refered to groups that are small, intimate, and enduring as:

Back 5

primary groups

Front 6

_________________ is/are the socially defined behaiviours appropriate for a certain status.

Back 6

Role expectations

Front 7

Which of the following is involved when a surgeon chooses not to operate on her own son because the personal involvement of motherhood could impair her professional objectivity as a physician?

Back 7

Role conflict

Front 8

Which of the following is involved when a plant foreman wants to be a good friend and confidant to the workers but must remain distant to rate the workers' performance?

Back 8

role strain

Front 9

which of the following is the term for structures that provide for patterned relationships and that are organized around a central activity or social need?

Back 9

Social institutions

Front 10

the type of community bonding typically exhibited by traditional societies, in which people share beliefs and values and perform common activities, is called _________________ solidarity.

Back 10

mechanical

Front 11

_______________ leaders tend to downplay their position and power, allowing the group to function more or less on its own.

Back 11

Laissez-Faire

Front 12

When a person studies the way members of the local country club act, imitates them, and judges his/her behaiviour in comparison to theirs, the country club may be described as a/an:

Back 12

Reference Group

Front 13

true or false?

social structure provides the blueprint for the ways people behave, while culture provides the interactive setting in which the social structure is acted out.

Back 13

true

Front 14

what is the sociological term for a social group with two members?

Back 14

a Dyad

Front 15

What is the sociological term for the tendency of cohesive groups to make poor decisions because the members are unwilling to threaten the group's solidarity?

Back 15

Groupthink

Front 16

What four types of leadership style?

Back 16

- Democratic

- Autocratic

- Bureaucratic

- Laissez-Faire

Front 17

A large secondary group that is specifically designed to accomplish specific tasks by means of an elaborate internal division of labour is referred to as:

Back 17

A formal organization

Front 18

The sociological concept that refers to the individual and collective resources available to a person is called:

Back 18

Social Capital

Front 19

According to Max Weber, the way in which bureaucracies can make workers feel trapped and essentially turn them into task-focused robots is the concept of the ___________________.

Back 19

Iron Cage.

Front 20

Acc. to Georg Simmad, which group size is the weakest?

Back 20

triad

Front 21

Because of the increasing fluidity of China's social systems, people are able to change their ____________.

Back 21

Social Class

Front 22

According to the functionalists, every society needs to have some common thoughts, beliefs, and attitudes. This means that a society needs:

Back 22

unity and purpose???

Front 23

Groups created for certain purposes and built for maximum efficiency are called:

Back 23

formal organizations

Front 24

Public distance is the distance most often used between close friends.

Back 24

False

Front 25

What are the different types of distance we give other members of society?

Back 25

Intimate, Personal, Social, Public

Front 26

____________________ refers to the ranking of people and the rewards they receive, based on social factors, often including wealth, power, and/or prestige.

Back 26

Social Stratification

Front 27

_____________ is a stratification system in which one person has complete control over another.

Back 27

slavery

Front 28

> What are the 3 forms of modern day slavery?

> And which is considered the closest to the old form of slavery?

Back 28

> Debt bondage, contract slavery, and chattel.

> Chattel slavery is considered to be closest to the old form, because the slaves are considered property.

Front 29

_________________ is a form of slavery in which someone borrow money and agrees to work for the lender to pay off the debt due to their wages being insufficient to pay either the expenses or original debt

Back 29

debt bondage

Front 30

________________ is a form of slavery in which a person signs a work contract, receiving food and shelter from an employer, but is threatened when he or she tries to leave the contract

Back 30

contract slavery

Front 31

A caste system is:

Back 31

social stratification based on ascription

Front 32

which theorist believed that workers willing to participate in their own exploitation because they have a false consciousness?

Back 32

Karl Marx

Front 33

________________ are the wealthy members of society, according to Weber.

Back 33

Rentiers

Front 34

What defines Weber's Rentier class?

a > new money

b > old money

c > bureaucrats

Back 34

b > old money

Front 35

What defines the term old money?

Back 35

> land

> business

(things that are passed down generations)

Front 36

In Weber's categories of labourers, the unorganized group, who frequently perform manual labour jobs that are unpleasant and often dangerous are known as _________________

Back 36

unskilled workers

Front 37

_____________ refers to the ranking of countries that highlights social and economic inequality throughout the world.

Back 37

Global Stratification

Front 38

The process by which powerful nations use loans and economic power to maintain control over poor nations known as:

Back 38

neocolonialism

Front 39

Globalization is a complex process by which the world and its international economy are becoming more and more intertwined

Back 39

true

Front 40

True or false?

brain drain occurs when low level workers leave poor countries and thereby create an even greater advantage to wealthy countries

Back 40

False

Front 41

_______________ refers to the best talent leaving poor countries, thereby providing wealthy countries with a greater advantage

Back 41

brain drain

Front 42

which of the following is the name for the most commonly used measure of income equality?

a) gigi index

b) human development index

c) absolute pverty

d) gini index

Back 42

Gini Index

Front 43

Poverty so severe that one lacks the resources to survive

Back 43

absolute poverty

Front 44

How many stages are in Rostow's modernization theory?

Back 44

5

Front 45

According to Wallerstein, __________ are at the center of the world systems "universe", and affect all surrounding nations

Back 45

Core nations

Front 46

According to Weber, the Protestant ethic equates worldly success with what?

Back 46

Religious Salvation

Front 47

feeling deprived because you can't afford a new tablet like the one your friend just bought is an example of:

Back 47

relative poverty

Front 48

what is the term Max Weber coined to refer to small business owners, who share similar power to that of entrepreneurs, but lack the same wealth and prestige?

Back 48

petite bourgeoisie

Front 49

what is Human Development Index?

Front 50

what is the difference between craftspeople, semi skilled workers and unskilled workers?

Front 51

what is relative poverty?

Front 52

What are the different types of nation in Wallersteins world system theory?

Back 52

core nations = always expanding to take advantage of the resources of periphery nations

periphery nations = use some of its resources to build its own economy while using these resources to sell to core nations

external nations = underdeveloped and have little interaction with others in the system

Front 53

What is included in the measure of Quality of Life?

Back 53

- necessities (access to clean water, etc)

- ratio of mortality (children and on)

- access to non-necessities (tv, phones, etc)

Front 54

How does the human development index compare to the gross national income per capita?

Back 54

HDI uses indicators such as life expectancy, educational attainment, and income, whereas GNI per C is a measure of the value of goods and services produced by a country

Front 55

How much of its GNP did Canada donate to foreign aid in 2009?

Back 55

0.3 %

(4.5 billion $)

(only 5 countries exceeded the 0.7 percent target = Denmark, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden)

Front 56

True or False?

The widest gaps of social inequality are found within nations.

Back 56

FALSE

The widest gaps of social inequality are found between nations

Front 57

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Back 57

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Front 58

_______________________ is John Porter's analysis of social class in Canada. The meaning of this term encompasses the features of class and stratification in Canadian society.

Back 58

Vertical Mosaic

Front 59

Money received through work or through investments is called:

Back 59

Income

Front 60

True or False?

people of the middle class have at least a highschool diploma, and many have technical training or college credits.

Back 60

true

Front 61

What are 3 commonalities among the working class?

Back 61

- have limited opportunity for job improvement

- is generally made up of people with highschool diplomas and lower levels of education

- often hold jobs involving manual labour and clerical skills

Front 62

_______________ is the ability to change social classes

Back 62

social mobility

Front 63

__________________ is a temporary state of poverty that occurs when someone loses a job for a short time

Back 63

transitional poverty

Front 64

The never ending cycle of poverty that is chronic and multigenerational is called:

Back 64

residual poverty

Front 65

_____________ refers to the level of self esteem associated with one's status and social standing

Back 65

prestige

Front 66

What term defines low income Canadians as those living in families with an after-tax income lower than 50 percent of the median income for all Canadian families?

Back 66

Low income measure

Front 67

Ottawa's Ashbury College provides its students with unique opportunities. Its high tuition offers low classroom sizes, exceptional acceptance rates into top Canadian Universities, and social readiness for high level careers. Ashbury students are being groomed for ________________ within our society.

Back 67

power and prestige

Front 68

_____________________ is a social class very small in number and which holds significant wealth.

Back 68

upper or elite class

Front 69

Which social class consists of high income members of society who are well educated but do not belong to the elite membership of the super wealthy?

Back 69

Upper middle class

Front 70

True or False?

Upper class is a social class that consists of those who have moderate incomes.

Back 70

False

Front 71

_________________ is the ability to carry out your will and impose it on others

Back 71

power

Front 72

The ______________ is a social class characterized by homelessness or substandard housing, minimal education, social isolation, and a lack of conventional role models.

Back 72

underclass

Front 73

true or false

horizontal mobility refers to moving within the same status category

Back 73

True

Front 74

True or False?

Sidney Crosby is an exapmle of exchange mobility

Back 74

True

Front 75

True or False?

Intra-generational mobility occurs when an individual changes social standing, especially in the workforce.

Back 75

True

Front 76

_______________ occurs when social changes affect large numbers of people.

Back 76

Structural Mobility

Front 77

True or False?

The meritocracy argument states that those who get ahead do so based on public assistance.

Back 77

False

(it states that they do so based on their own effort)

Front 78

LICO is a measure of _______________

Back 78

Relative poverty

Front 79

3 factors that influence poverty:

Back 79

depth, breadth and duration

Front 80

small group of people who hold immense power

Back 80

power elite

Front 81

In 2009 3.8 percent of Canadian households held $1.78 trillion of financial wealth = what percentage of total wealth?

Back 81

67% of total wealth

Front 82

Melvin Tumin believes that social inequality is rooted in a system that is more likely to reward you based on _________________.

Back 82

Where you start

Front 83

true or false?

students from working class backgrounds are more likely to talk about social stratification than are middle-upper class students.

Back 83

True

perception of social stratification comes from the "have nots" instead of the "haves"

Front 84

true or false?

The report titled "In from the Margins" is a reflection of the Functionalist perspective on poverty.

Back 84

True

(i think)

Front 85

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Back 85

-------------------------------ch 8---------------------------------

Front 86

________________ is the study of population size and composition

Back 86

demography

Front 87

________________ refers to the number of children that a woman would have over the course of her reproductive life.

Back 87

Total Fertility Rate

Front 88

____________ is the number of births for every 1000 people each year

Back 88

Crude birth rate

Front 89

_________________ is the fertility rate (2 per woman) that must be maintained to replace the population in absence of birth control

Back 89

Generational Replacement Level

Front 90

_______________ is the number of deaths that occur in a population

Back 90

mortality rate

Front 91

_______________ is the number of deaths for every 1000 people each year

Back 91

crude death rate

Front 92

________________ is the number of deaths in a particular age group during a given year

Back 92

age specific death rate

Front 93

__________________ is the number of deaths of children less than 1 year of age per 1000 live births in the same year

Back 93

infant mortality rate

Front 94

What IS CONSIDERED A KEY INDICATOR OF A POPULATION’S HEALTH STATUS?

Back 94

Life expectancy

Front 95

__________ IS THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE FROM ONE AREA TO ANOTHER.

Back 95

Migration

Front 96

PUSH-PULL, OR NEO-CLASSICAL, MIGRATION THEORY SUGGESTS THAT MIGRATION DEPENDS ON:

Back 96

the supply and demand for labour, both in the sending and in the receiving areas.

Front 97

THE RATE OF NATURAL INCREASE OF A POPULATION IS CALCULATED BY SUBTRACTING THE CRUDE DEATH RATE FROM THE:

Back 97

crude birth rate

Front 98

WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ARE POSSIBLE EXPLANATIONS FOR THE DROPS IN FERTILITY RATES AMONG JAPANESE WOMEN BETWEEN 1947 AND 1957, AND FROM THE MID-1970S TO EARLY 1990S?

Back 98

> Women became more focused on education and career, and therefore married and had children later in life, making it less likely they would have multiple children.

>> World War II altered both the political and economic cultures in Japan.

>>> As education and wealth levels increased, fertility rates decreased.

Front 99

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION THEORY SUGGESTS THAT PEOPLE CONTROL THEIR __________ AS SOCIETIES MOVE FROM AGRARIAN TO INDUSTRIAL.

Back 99

fertility

Front 100

WHAT BRANCH OF SOCIOLOGY IS CONCERNED WITH THE RECIPROCAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIETIES AND THEIR ENVIRONMENTS?

Back 100

Environmental Sociology

Front 101

WHICH POPULATION PROJECTION SUGGESTS THE POPULATION WILL EXCEED THE AVAILABLE FOOD SUPPLY BECAUSE POPULATIONS GROW AT GEOMETRIC RATES, WHILE FOOD SUPPLIES GROW AT ARITHMETIC RATES?

Back 101

Malthusian Theory

Front 102

true or false?

EMIGRATION IS THE MOVEMENT OF PEOPLE INTO AN AREA.

Back 102

False

(= from an area)

Front 103

HUMAN ECOLOGY RECOGNIZES THAT THERE IS A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN:

Back 103

People and their physical environments

Front 104

__________ IS A PERSPECTIVE BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT WE ARE ONE SPECIES AMONG MANY, THAT OUR ROLES AND ACTIVITIES ARE NO MORE IMPORTANT THAN ANY OTHER SPECIES', AND THAT OUR PRIMARY CONCERN SHOULD BE ECOLOGICAL VIABILITY AND PRESERVATION RATHER THAN ECONOMIC GROWTH.

Back 104

Deep Ecology

Front 105

IN GENERAL, BIRTH RATES ARE __________ CONNECTED TO A WOMAN'S INCOME AND LEVEL OF EDUCATION; WOMEN WITH HIGHER LEVELS OF EDUCATION TEND TO HAVE LOWER BIRTH RATES, WHILE LESS-EDUCATED WOMEN TEND TO HAVE HIGHER BIRTH RATES.

Back 105

Inversely

Front 106

__________ THEORY IS A MERGING OF ECOLOGICAL AND FEMINIST THOUGHT that focuses on the common experiences of women and nature

Back 106

Ecofeminist

Front 107

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INCLUDES NEGOTIATING AND REGULATING WHAT?

Back 107

The extraction of resources and the disposal of hazardous waste.

Front 108

True or False?

DOUBLING TIME REFERS TO THE NUMBER OF YEARS IT TAKES FOR A POPULATION TO DOUBLE.

Back 108

True

Front 109

WHAT IS THE TERM FOR A POPULATION'S IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT?

Back 109

Environmental Footprint

Front 110

DEEP ECOLOGY IS A CRITIQUE OF __________, WHICH IS THE BELIEF THAT HUMANS ARE THE MOST SIGNIFICANT SPECIES IN NATURE.

Back 110

Anthropocentric Bias

Front 111

IN 1979, CHINA IMPLEMENTED WHAT HAS BEEN CALLED THE "ONE-CHILD" POLICY. WHAT LED THE CHINESE GOVERNMENT TO INSTITUTE THIS POLICY?

Back 111

Population Projections that foreshadowed many problems

Front 112

sustainable development

Back 112

is based on the premise that economic development and environmental protection are compatible goals

Front 113

Resource Management

Back 113

is an approach to environmental issues that recognizes the interdependence of humans and the natural environment and is concerned about the impact that humans have on their natural environment but in a limited way.

Front 114

Which ecological model is most associated with the conflict perspective?

Back 114

Resource Management model

Front 115

Canada's population at the start of 2013 was:

Back 115

a bit over 35 million (less than 0.5% of the world population)

Front 116

What is the ideal fertility level?

Back 116

2.1