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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Declarative memory |
knowledge of events, facts, and concepts |
aka explicit memory |
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Nondeclarative memory |
skills and conditioned responses |
aka procedural memory |
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Explicit/direct memory test |
require the conscious recollection of information |
i.e. recall & recognition |
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Implicit/indirect memory test |
require use of information stored into LTM |
not conscious recollection perceptual priming stem completion |
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Episodic memory |
recollection of events that took place at specific places & times in the past |
type of declarative memory |
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Semantic memory |
factual & conceptual knowledge about the world and words used to symbolize such knowledge |
type of declarative memory |
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Mental time travel |
capacity for recollecting past events and envisioning future events through reconstructive retrieval process |
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Prospective memory |
intending & remembering to take some action at a specific time in the future |
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Maintenance rehearsal |
recycling information within STM or working memory |
covertly verbalizing |
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Elaborative rehearsal |
linking info in STM with info already stored in LTM |
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Method of loci |
mnemonic technique that uses familiar locations as an aid to memory |
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Levels/depths of processing |
a memory superiority for events attentively processed at semantic as opposed to sensory |
the more you elaborate, the "deeper" the thought is processed |
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Self-reference effect |
encoding processes that relate an item to be learned to self-concepts produce superior memory |
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Transfer-appropriate processing |
test performance relies on engaging in an encoding process compatible with the demands of the test |
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Distinctiveness |
how the items to be learned differ from each other and other items stored in LTM |
stresses differences |
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Relational processing |
how the items to be learned are related to each other |
stresses similarity |
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Flashbulb memory |
vivid recollection of an autobiographical event that carries strong emotional reactions |
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Subjective organization |
the way individuals impose a unique organizational scheme on unrelated items to be remembered |
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Retrieval mode |
effort to retrieve a memory stored in LTM |
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Ecphory |
successful retrieval of an event |
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Encoding specificity |
determines what retrieval cues are effective |
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Brain activation during encoding |
prefrontal activation in left hemisphere |
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Brain activation during retrieval |
prefrontal activation in right hemisphere |
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Tip of the tongue (TOT) state |
feeling of familiarity where some name, word, date, etc cannot be retrieved despite certainty that it is there |
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Mood congruence effect |
events encoded in a particular mood are easiest to retrieve during the same mood |
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State-dependent learning |
recall performance is better when the mood at encoding is the same as retrieval |
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