Chapter 5 Key Terms (Psychology, Wade & Tavris)

Front 1

consciousness

Back 1

Our immediate awareness of metal activity, internal sensations, and external stimuli.

Front 2

biological rhythm

Back 2

A periodic, more or less regular fluctuation in a biological system. They may or may not have psychological implications.

Front 3

endogenous biological rhythms

Back 3

generated from within rather that by external cues. Example: circadian rhythms, infradian rhythms

Front 4

circadian rhythm

Back 4

A biological rhythm with a perios of about a day.

Hint 4

Once about every 24 hours

Front 5

suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)

Back 5

located in hypothalamus, contains biological clock that governs circadian rhythm.

Front 6

melatonin

Back 6

secreted by pineal glands, involved in regulation of circadian rhythm.

Front 7

internal desynchronization

Back 7

A state when biological rhythms are not in phase with each other.

Front 8

seasonal affective disorder (SAD)

Back 8

A controversial disorderin which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring.

Front 9

premenstrual syndrome

Back 9

Women mostly notice depression or irritability when these moods occur premenstrually.

Hint 9

Does it really even exist?

Front 10

realms of sleep

Back 10

Stage 1. Feel self drifting on the edge of consciousness.

Stage 2. Minor noises won't disturb you

Stage 3. Breathing and pulse have slowed down

Stage 4. Deep sleep REM. Increased eye movement, loss of muscle tone, dreaming

Hint 10

Awake: Beta brain waves

Awake and drowsy:Alpha brain waves

Front 11

rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

Back 11

Increased eye movement, loss of muscle tone, dreaming

Front 12

functions and benefits of sleep

Back 12

To eliminate waste products from muscles

To repair cells

To strengthen the immune system

To recover abilities lost during the day

Front 13

sleep deprivation

Back 13

leads to decreases in physical and mental functioning. May lead to increase levels of the stress hormone cortisol, possibly damage brain cells important for learning and memory, risk for hallucinations and delusions

Front 14

sleep apnea

Back 14

Breathing briefly stops during sleep, causing the person to choke and gasp and momentarily waken

Front 15

nacropelsy

Back 15

Sudden and unpredictable daytime attacks of sleepiness or lapses into REM sleep

Front 16

psychoanalytic theory of dreams

Back 16

dreams as unconscious wishes (Freud).

Hint 16

The Theory of Sigmund Freud

Front 17

problems focused approach to dreams

Back 17

Dreams are more likely to contain material related to a person's current concerns than chance would predict.

Front 18

activation-synthesis theory of dreams

Back 18

This model holds that brain synthesizes and integrates memory fragments, feelings, and sensations that are triggered internally.

Dreaming results from the cortical synthesis and interpretation of neural signals triggered by activity in the lower part of the brain. At the same time, brain regions that handle logical thought and sensation from the external world are shut down.

Front 19

hypnosis

Back 19

A procedure in which the practitioner suggests changes in the sensations, perceptions,thoughts,feelings, or behavior of the subject

Front 20

dissociation theories of hypnosis

Back 20

Hypnosis is a split iin consciousness in which one part of the mind operates independently of consciousness. During hypnosis, dissociation occurs between an executive control system (probably in the frontal lobes) and other systems of thinking and acting.

Front 21

socio cognitive explanation of hypnosis

Back 21

Effects of hypnosis result from interaction between social influence of the hypnotist and the beliefs and expectations of the subject. Can explain "alien abduction" and "past‐life regression"

Front 22

altered states of consciousness

Back 22

different cultures have different ways to alter consciousness. it is a way to achieve a quiet mind and spiritual enlightenment

Front 23

psychoactive drug

Back 23

Substance capable of influencing perception, mood, cognition, or behavior

Front 24

stimulants

Back 24

speed up activity in the CNS. e.g. cocaine, caffeine

Front 25

depressants

Back 25

slow down activity in the CNS. e.g. alcohol

Front 26

opiates

Back 26

relieve pain. e.g.morphine

Front 27

psychedelic drugs

Back 27

disrupt normalthought processes. E.g. LSD

Front 28

Sigmund Freud

Back 28

came up with the psychoanalytic perspective of dreams ( dreams might provide insight into our unconscious)

Front 29

manifest content

Back 29

includes aspects of the dream we consciously experience.

Front 30

latent content

Back 30

includes unconscious wishes and thoughts symbolized in the dream.

Front 31

entrainment

Back 31

The synchronization of biological rhythms with external cues, such as fluctuations in daylight

Front 32

non-REM sleep

Back 32

No rapid eye movement; divided into distinct stages, each associated with a particular brain wave pattern.

Front 33

alpha waves

Back 33

When you first lay down, close your eyes and relax. Regular, slow rhythm & high amplitude.

Front 34

sleep spindles

Back 34

occasional short bursts of rapid, high peaking waves. Happens during stage 2, minor noises won't wake you.

Front 35

delta waves

Back 35

Very slow waves with very high peaks. During stage 3; breathing and pulse have slowed, hard to rouse.

Front 36

REM behavior disorder

Back 36

muscle paralysis associated with REM sleep does not occur, and the sleeper becomes physically active, often acting out a dream.

Front 37

consolidation

Back 37

A process by which the synaptic changes associated with recently stored memories become more durable and stable, causing memory to become more reliable.

Front 38

lucid dream

Back 38

Sleeper knows they are dreaming and feels as if the are conscious; Some claim they can control the actions in the dream, although this ability is rare.

Front 39

manifest vs latent content of dreams

Back 39

Manifest content is the actual details if the dream and latent content is the symbolism or meaning of the dream.

Front 40

cognitive approach to dreams

Back 40

Emphasizes current concerns, but makes no claim about problem solving during dreams. Dreaming is a modification of the cognitive activity that goes on when we are awake.

Front 41

hidden observer

Back 41

One part of the mind is watching but not participating in hypnosis.

Front 42

marijuana

Back 42

Mild psychedelic & stimulant (although classification is controversial). Possibility impairs long term memory, coordination, concentration, and reaction times. Can also contribute to lung damage due to the tar when smoking.

Front 43

tolerance

Back 43

Over time, more and more of the drug is needed to get the same effect. Occurs after long term use of a drug type.

Front 44

withdrawal

Back 44

Symptoms that occur after a habitual drug user stops using. Nausea, cramps, sweating, spasms, depression, and sleep problems.

Front 45

think-drink effect

Back 45

Subjects behaved more belligerently when they thought they were drinking vodka than when they thought they were drinking tonic water.