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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Upper Motor Neuron Disease |
lesion found in descending motor tracts within the cerebral motor cortex, brain stem or spinal cord. S/S: weakness, hypertonicity, hyperreflexia, abnormal reflexes Ex: CP, ALS, CVA, birth injuries, MS, TBI, brain tumors |
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Lower Motor Neuron Disease |
lesion affects the nerves or axons at or below level of brain stem S/S: flaccidity, decreased tone, atrophy, absent reflexes Ex: ALS, Guilliain-Barre syndrome, trauma, infection, Bell's palsy, carpal tunnel syndrome, MD |
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Aphasia
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acquired neurological impairment of processing for receptive or expressive language. |
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Alzheimer's Disease |
progressive neurodegenerative disorder, irreversible damage in cerebral cortex and subcortical areas of brain. S/S: difficulty with learning new things, loss of orientation, word-finding difficulties, depression, poor judgement, shuffling gait, dependent, inability to speak Tx: max pt learning and maintaining current function, caregiver edu |
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Amyotrophic lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
chronic degenerative disease that has both UMN and LMN impairments S/S: LMN - asymmetric muscle weakness, fasciculations, cramping and atrophy in the hands. UMN - incoordination, spasticiy, clonus and positive babinski reflex. fatigue, paralysis and respiratory paralysis Tx: supportive care and quality of life |
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Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
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peripheral nerve entrapment injury that results of compression of median N. S/S: sensory changes and paresthesia, can radiate into UE, shoulder and neck, night pain, weakness of hand, atrophy, decreased grip strength, and clumsiness Tx: splinting, ergonomic measures, corticosteroid injections and PT. surgery is possible. |
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Congenital Malformations |
happen early in life and are non-progressive. vary depending on structure involved. ataxia is usually present |
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Hereditary Ataxias |
gait unsteadiness early in life followed by UE ataxia, dysarthria and paresis. Mental function declines and tremors begin. |
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Spinocerebellar Ataxis |
affect CNS and PNS, present with neuropathy pyramidal signs, ataxia and restless leg syndrome |
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Acquired ataxis
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aquired from an external source like toxins or may be idiopathic |
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Diabetic Neuropathy
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S/S: weakness and sensory disturbances occur distally and symmetrically. tingling, numbness/pain, wasting of muscles, orthostatic hypotension, weakness, and urinary impairments Tx: strict monitorying of blood glucose levels to prevent further nerve pathology. pain management, foot care, and overall fitness. medications can be used as well |
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Epilepsy |
chronic condition with temporary dysfunction of the brain causing an electrical discharge and seizure activity S/S: loss of awareness, sensation, mood or mental function occurs Tx: antiepileptic meds and surgery is possible |
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Guillain-Barre Syndrome |
acute polyneuropathy, temp inflammation/demyelination of peripheral nerves myelin sheaths. S/S: motor weakness, sensory impairment, respiratory paralysis. can be life threatening Tx: hospitalization for symptoms. Meds: immunosupressive, and narcotic meds. Cardiac monitoring and ventilation may be possible. PT: pulmonary rehab, strengthening, mobility training, w/c and AD training. |
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Huntington's Disease |
neurological disorder of CNS - degeneration of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex S/S: cognitive impairment. involuntary movements, alteration in personality, grimacing, ataxia, decrease in IQ, depression, incontinence, immobility in later stages. Tx: maximize endurance, strength, balance, postural control and functional mobility. |
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS) |
patches of demyelination of myelin sheaths. decreases efficiency of nerve impulse S/S: visual problems, paresthesis & sensory changes, clumsiness, weakness, balance dysfunction and fatigue. periods of exacerbation and remission Tx: meds. PT - regulation of activity level, relaxation and energy conservation techniques,normalization of tone, balance and gait training, core stabilization and AD training. |
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Myasthenia Gravis |
autoimmune disease resulting in neuromuscular junction pathology. antibodies block/destory receptors S/S: extreme fatigue and muscle weakness, ocular muscles affected first, dysphagia and cranial nerve weakness are common Tx: will have remissions and exacerbations. PT - energy conservation, strengthening with isometrics |
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Parkinson's Disease |
degenerative disorder with a decreased production of dopamine S/S: resting tremors in hands or feet that increase with stress, balance disturbances, difficulty rolling over, impairment iwth fine movements, progression includes - sluggish movements, hard to start and stop movements, shuffling gait Tx: alot of meds: dopamine replacement therapy. PT - maximizing endurance, strength and functional mobility, verbal cueing and visual feedback are effective. |
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Post-Polio Syndrome (PPS) |
LMN pathology that affects anterior horn cells with those who have been affected with polio. S/S: slow/progressive weakness, fatigue, muscle atrophy, pain and swallowing issues Tx: lifestyle modification and symptomatic intervention. PT- supervised exercise, functional independence, adaptive equipment and education. |
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Cerebral Palsy (CP) |
movement disorders due to brain damage that are acquired in utero, during birth or infancy. S/S: abnormal muscle tone, impaired modulation of movement, abnormal reflexes and impaired mobility Tx: caregiver edu., normalization of tone, stretching, strengthening, positioning, WB activities, mobility skills, splinting, AD, surgery can be possible |
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Down Syndrome |
genetic abnormality of an extra 21st chromosome S/S: mental retardation, hypotonia, joint hypermobility, flattened nasal bridge, small mouth, flat feet, scoliosis, congenital heart disease Tx: exercise and fitness, stability, maximizing respiratory function, edu. for caregivers, surgery for cardiac abnormalities. |
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Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy |
progressive disorder casued by absence of gene required to produce muscle proteins S/S: progressive weakness, disinterest in running, falling, toe walking, excessive lordosis Tx: caregiver edu, respiratory function, submax exercise, mobility skills, splinting, orthotics and AD |
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Spina Bifida |
insufficient closure of neural tube, occurs usually in low thoracic, lumbar or sacral regions S/S: motor loss, sensory deficits, hydrocephalus, clubfoot, scoliosis, bowel and bladder dysfunction and learning disabilities Tx: ppositioning, handling, ROM, ther ex. skin care, strengthening, balance/mobility training, adaptive equipment, splinting, w/c. |
