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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are molecules of life in 4 main groups
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Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids
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Name the 3 Macromolecules
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Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids
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What is a polymer
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Large molecule made through linkage of repeating subunits, united by covalent bonds. E.g. cars on a train
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What are monomers
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Connected by a reaction in which 2 molecules are covalently bonded throu8gh a loss of a H20 molecule also known as a dehydration reaction.
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When a bond forms between 2 monomers, what happens?
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One molecule provides a hydroxyl molecule (-OH) and the other provides a hydrogen (-H), this creates a polymer
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What are enzymes?
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Macromolecules that speed up the chemical reaction in cells.
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What is the reverse of the dehydration process?
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Hydrolysis. When water is added, bonds are broken between monomers. Hydrogen from H20 attaches to the monomer and the other attaches to the adjacent monomer.
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What are carbohydrates?
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"Sugars", simplest sugars are monosaccharides. Disaccharides are double sugars, joined by a dehydration reaction.
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What is the subunit of proteins?
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Amino acids
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What is the subuint of nucleic acids?
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Nucleotides
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What is the function of nucleic acids?
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Genetic material, informational molcules.
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What is the structure of nucleic acids?
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Polynucleotides; repeating nucleotides, central sugar linked to a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base. A (adenosine), G (guanine), C (cytosine), T (thyamine)
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Nucleotides are joined by what type of bond?
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Covalent phosphodiester bond.
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Double helix found in DNA is held together by what type of bonds?
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H-Bonds
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DNA v. RNA
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DNA is deoxyribose (-H), RNA is ribose (-OH).
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How are amino acids grouped?
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Nonpolar, polar, + charge and - charge
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What has close electronegativities?
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Carbon and hydrogen
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Polymer
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Formed by successive peptide linkages (covalent bonds) between AA.
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What is a primary structure of protein?
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_____ amino acids linked together
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