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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
Learning |
Any relatively permanent change in behavior brought about by experience or practice |
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Ivan Pavlov |
Discovered classical conditionaling through his work on digestion in dogs |
Russian Physiologist |
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Classical Conditionaling |
Learning to make a reflex response to a stimulus other than the original, natural stimulus that normally produces the reflex |
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Stimulus Generalization |
The tendency to respond to a stimulus that is only similar to the original conditional stimulus with the conditioned response; the act or process of generaling |
A result of this process: a general statement, idea, or principle |
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Extinction |
The disappearance or weakening of a learned response following the removal or absence of the unconditional stimulus In Classical Conditioning or the removal of a reinforcer In Operant Conditioning. |
It occurs if the behavior RESPONSE is not reinforced. |
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Operant Conditioning |
The learning of voluntary behavior through the effects of pleasant and unpleasant consequences to responses. |
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Negative Reinforcement |
The reinforcement of a response by the removal, escape from, or avoidance of an unpleasurable stimulus. |
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Positive Reinforcement |
The Reinforcement of a response by the addition or experience of a pleasurable stimulus. |
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Reinforcement |
Any event or stimulus that, when following a response, increasing the probability that the response will occur again |
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Schedules of Reinforcement |
Fixed Interval, Variable Interval, Fixed Ratio, and Variable Ratio |
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Fixed Interval Schedule of Reinforcement |
The interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is always the same |
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Variable Interval Schedule of Reinforcement |
The interval of time that must pass before reinforcement becomes possible is different for each trial or event |
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Fixed Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement |
The number of responses required for reinforcement is always the same |
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Variable Ratio Schedule of Reinforcement |
The number of responses required for reinforcement is different for each trial or event. |
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Shaping |
Reinforcement of simple steps, leading to a desired complex behavior. |
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Token Economy |
A type of behavior modification in which desired behavior is rewarded with tokens. |
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Biofeedback |
Use of feedback about biological conditions to bring involuntary responses such as blood pressure and relaxation under voluntary control. |
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Learned Helplessness |
A tendency to fail to act to escape from a situation because of a history of repeated failures in the past. |
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