Chapter 5 Key Terms

Front 1

Olive Tree Petition

Back 1

What: Petition adopted by the Continental Congress to attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain.
Where: American colonies, the United States.
When: July 1775
Sig: It affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and terated the king to prevent further conflict.

Front 2

Prohibitory Act

Back 2

What: Act passed that declared and provided for a naval blockade against American ports. This was a blockade against the trade of the American colonists. It was a measure of retaliation by Britain against general rebellion.
Where: Great Britain to American colonies.
When: 1775
Sig: It was an effective declaration of war by Great Britain. Also, it encouraged American colonies to move to toward the option of complete independence from Great Britain.

Front 3

Common Sense

Back 3

What: Pamphlet written by Thomas Paine during the American Revolution. It was presented to the colonies with a powerful argument to achieve independece from Great Britain. It was like a sermon and relied on the Bible.
Where: Among the American colonies.
When: January 10, 1776
Sig: It is referred as the most incendiary and popular pamphlet of the whole revolutionary era and during the American Revolution.

Front 4

Declaration of Independence

Back 4

What: Statement adopted by the Continental Congress that proclaimed the thirteen American colonies were independent states and no loger were part of the British Empire. Written by Thomas Jefferson that justified the independence of the United States.
Where: United States
When: July 4, 1776.
Sig: Announced and explained the separation from Great Britain. Invoked to protect a the rights of individuals and grouos.

Front 5

Thomas Jefferson

Back 5

Who: Third President of the United States. Author of the Declaration of Independence. He as also a Founding Father. Promoted the ideals of Republicanism.
Where: Virginia, United States.
When: April 1743-July 1826
Sig: Envisioned American as the force behind a great "Empire of Liberty". Promoted Republicanism.

Front 6

George Mason

Back 6

Who: American patriot, statesman and delagate from Virginia to the United States Continental Convention. He was a leader of those who pressed for the addition of explicit states rights and individual rights.
Where: Fairfax County, Virginia.
When: December 1735-October 1792
Sig: He is callled the "Father of the Bill of Rights" and also comsidered one of the "Founding Fathers" of the United States.

Front 7

Continental Congress

Back 7

What: Was a convention of delegates from the thirteen colonies that ruled the United States during the American Revolution. It consisted of 56 delagated from 12 of the 13 colonies. The Congress passed several acts such as the Intolerable Acts against Britain;s tyranny.
Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
When: 1774 and on May 1775
Sig: The Continental congress established the Continental Army and issued the Declaration of Independence and designed a new government in the Articles of Confederation.

Front 8

Articles of Confederation

Back 8

What: It served as the 1st constitution and under it the states retained sovereignty over all governmental functions. Created by the representatives of the states.
Where: Issued in York Town, Pennsylvania.
When: June 1776
Sig: Was the first constitution of the United States of America. It made clear how the national governmetn was to operate.

Front 9

George Washington

Back 9

Who: Dominant military and political leader of the new United States of America. He was also the commander in chief of the Continental Army.
Where: Virginia, United States.
When: February 1732-December 1799.
Sig: First president of the United States of America and lead the American victory over Great Britain during the American Revolutionary War.

Front 10

Bunker Hill (Battle)

Back 10

What: Battle during the Siege of Boston early in the American Revolutionary War. It is also referred as the "Battle of Breed's Hill". Colonial forces retreated to Cambridge over Bunker Hill.
Where: Around Breed's Hill and Charlestown, Massachusetts.
When: June 17, 1775
Sig: British victory and British capture of Charlestown peninsula.

Front 11

General Thomas Gage

Back 11

Who: British general who participated in the early days of the American War of Independence. Military governor of Montreal and entered military service in the French and Indian War.
Where: England, Massachusetts Bay.
When: 1719-April 1787
Sig: His actions played a role in sparking of the American War of Independence. He failed to resolved the Siege of Boston. Hw was also the commander in chief of the British forces.

Front 12

Hessians

Back 12

Who: They were soldiers of the 18th century German regiments that were hired through their rulers by the British Empire.
Where: North America.
When: Eighteeenth century
Sig: They combated in operations during the American Revolutionary War. They were auxiliarities to Great Britain to fight against American revolutionaries.

Front 13

Lord Cornwallis

Back 13

Who: British Army officer and colonial administrator. Also, served as civil and military governor in Ireland and India.
Where: England, York Town
When: December 1738-October 1805
Sig: He is seen as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence. Surrended to American-French force.

Front 14

Nathaniel Greene

Back 14

Who: Major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. After the war, his reputation was as George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer.
Where: Warwick, Rhode Island.
When: August 1742- June 1786
Sig: He is considered a major general of the Continental Army.

Front 15

John Jay

Back 15

Who: American politician, statesman, revolutionary, diplomat and a Founding Father of the United States. Leader of the new Federalist Party and governor of New York State. Opponent of slavery.
Where: New York and Bedford, New York.
When: December 1745- May 1829
Sig: He is the first Chief Justice of the United States. He served as the President of the Continental Congress and ambassador to Spain and France to help fashion US foreign policy.

Front 16

Treaty Of Paris 1783

Back 16

What: Ended the American Revolutionary War between Great Britain and the United States of America. It was ratified by the Congress of Confederation.
Where: Signed at Hotel d'York and Annapolis, Maryland.
When: September 3 1783.
Sig: Signed by John Adams, Benjamin Franklin and John Jay. Ackwoledge the 13 colonies as free and independent states.

Front 17

Women during wartime

Back 17

What: Women during the wartime served as nurses for the wounded, they cooked, they cleaned and even some of them fought in battles along with men.
Where: The United States (thirteen colonies)
When: 18th century-19th century
Sig: They assisted the wounded soldiers and nursed the sick.

Front 18

Abigail

Back 18

Who: The wife of John Adams and she was the first second lady of the United States.
Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
When: November 1744- October 1818.
Sig: Remembered by the letters he wrote to her husband that contained intellectual discussions on governmetn and politics. Her letters are inportant accounts of the Revolutionary War.

Front 19

Civic Virtue

Back 19

What: The cultivation of habits of personal living that are claimed to be important for the success of the community. It has been as major concern of political philosophy.
Where: The United States of America.
When: 19th and 20th century
Sig: It is considered as being the foundational principle of society and law. Important under republican forms of government.

Front 20

Ordinance of 1784

Back 20

What: Called for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of Ohio River and east of Mississippi River to be divided into seperate states.
Where: Appalachian Mountains, Ohio River and Mississippi River.
When: April 23, 1784
Sig: It was adopted by the United States Congress under the Articles of Confederation.

Front 21

Northwest Ordinance

Back 21

What: Also known as "An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the Unites States" or "Freedom Ordinance". It was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the US.
Where: Great Lakes, Ohio River and Mississippi River.
When: August 7, 1789
Sig: The effect was the creation of the Northwest Territory of the United States out of the Great Lakes,

Front 22

Shay´s Rebellion

Back 22

What: Armed uprising led by veteran of the American Revolution Daniel Shays. Supporters prevented the courts from seizing property from indebted farmers. Its supporters were poor farmers angered by crusing debt and taxes.
Where: In central and western Massachusetts mainly Springfield.
When: From August 1786-January 1787
Sig: Encouraged calls to reevaluate the Articles of Confederation when there was a lack of an institutional response to the conflict.