Chapter 5: Intro To Eukaryotic Microbes

Front 1

Eukaryotic external structures

Back 1

Flagella, cilia, glycoalyx, cell wall

Front 2

Cell wall of fungi

Back 2

Thick inner layer of polysaccharide fibers

Composed of chitin or cellulose and a thin layer of mixed glycans

Front 3

Cell wall of algae

Back 3

Varies in chemical composition

Substances commonly found include cellulose, pectin, etc.

Front 4

Eukaryote internal structures

Back 4

Golgi apparatus, Lysosomes, Vacuoles, Phagosomes

Front 5

Lysosomes

Back 5

Vesicles containing enzymes that originate from Golgi apparatus

Function: intracellular digestion of food particles, protection against invading microbes

Front 6

Vacuoles

Back 6

Membrane bound sacs containing particles to be digested, excreted, or stored

Front 7

Phagosome

Back 7

Vacuole merged with a lysosome

Front 8

Mitochondria

Back 8

Function: energy production

Consist of an outer membrane and inner membrane with folds called cristae

Contain DNA and prokaryotic ribosomes

Front 9

Chloroplast

Back 9

Function: converts energy from sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

In algae and plant cells

Outer membrane covers into inner membrane folded into sacs, thylakoids, stacked into grana

Front 10

Ribosomes

Back 10

Composed of rRNA and proteins

Scattered in cytoplasm or associated with RER

Larger than prokaryotic ribosomes

Function in protein synthesis

Front 11

Kingdom Fungi

Back 11

100,000 species divided into two groups:

Macroscopic fungi

Microscopic fungi

Majority are unicellular or colonial

Front 12

Yeast

Back 12

Unicellular, round ovoid shape, asexual reproduction (budding)

Soft, uniform texture and appearance

Front 13

Mold

Back 13

Multicellular, long filamentous (hyphae)

Front 14

Mycoses

Back 14

Fungal infection

Front 15

Mass of hyphae is called

Back 15

mycelium (cottony, hairy, or velvety texture)

Front 16

Hyphae may be divided by cross walls called

Back 16

septate

Front 17

Digest and absorb nutrients

Back 17

Vegetative hyphae

Front 18

Produce spores for reproduction

Back 18

Reproductive hyphae

Front 19

Asexual reproduction

Back 19

Spores are formed through budding or mitosis; conidia or sporangiospores

Front 20

Sexual reproduction

Back 20

Spores are formed following fusion of two different strains and formation of sexual structure

Zygospores, ascospores, basidiospores

Front 21

Zygospore

Back 21

Thick-walled spore of some algae and fungi that is formed by union of two similar sexual cells

Front 22

Ascospore

Back 22

8 spores produced by a combination of meiotic division followed by mitotic division

Front 23

Protists

Back 23

Algae and Protozoa

Front 24

Algae

Back 24

Eukaryotic organisms

Unicellular, filamentous, colonial

Photosynthesize with chlorophyll a

Cell wall

May or may not have flagella

Front 25

Protozoa

Back 25

Unicellular eukaryotics

Share similarities, in cell structure, nutrition, life cycle, and biochemistry

Vary in shape

No cell wall

All are heterotrophic and lack chloroplasts

Most are harmless, free-living in moist habitat

Front 26

Classified by motility structures

Back 26

Protozoa

Front 27

Motility structures consist of

Back 27

Flagella, cilia, or pseudopods

Front 28

2 protozoa life stages

Back 28

Trophozoite

Cyst

Front 29

Trophozoite

Back 29

Motile feeding stage

Front 30

Cyst

Back 30

Dormant resting stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and feeding

Front 31

Reproduction

Back 31

Asexually and sexually

Front 32

Asexually

Back 32

Mitosis or multiple fission

Front 33

Sexually

Back 33

Conjugation

Front 34

Trematodes (or flukes)

Back 34

Parasitic helminth

Flatworms, flattened, nonsegmented worms with sucking mouthparts

Front 35

Cestodes

Back 35

Parasitic helminth

Tapeworms

Front 36

Nematodes

Back 36

Parasitic helminth

Roundworms