Chapter 5 - Integumentary System

Front 1

Integumentary system

Back 1

the system of the body that consists of the skin and accessory structures such as hair, nails, and glands;
integument means covering

Front 2

List five functions of the integumentary system.

Back 2

1) protection
2) sensation
3) temperature regulation
4) Vitamin D production
5) excretion

Front 3

Hypodermis

Back 3

the foundation upon which the skin rests and serves to attach skin to the underlying bone and muscle, also supplies it with blood vessels and nerves;
consists of loose connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers;
main types of cells include fibroblasts, adipose cells, and macrophages

Front 4

Dermis

Back 4

a layer of connective tissue (mostly collagen and elastin) that is connected to the hypodermis;
responsible for most of the structural strength of the skin;
consists of fibroblasts, a few adipose cells, and macrophages

Front 5

Epidermis

Back 5

a layer of epithelial tissue that rests on the dermis and serves primarily to protect the superficial regions of the body;
consists of stratified squamous epithelium;
nourished by diffusion from papillary blood vessels

Front 6

Reticular layer

Back 6

the deeper and most prominent layer of the dermis;
composed of dense irregular connective tissue that forms a mat of irregularly arranged fibers that are resistant to stretching in many directions

Front 7

Papillary layer

Back 7

the more superficial of the two layers of the dermis;
less dense than the reticular layer and contains blood vessels that supply the epidermal layers with nutrients, removing waste, and regulating body temperature

Front 8

Cleavage lines

Back 8

lines formed in the skin due to the orientation of the majority of the elastin and collagen fibers within the skin;
important to consider when making incisions in the skin

Front 9

Striae (stretch marks)

Back 9

lines of scar tissue that can develop if the skin is overstretched and ruptures

Front 10

Papillae

Back 10

projections of the dermis that extend into the epidermis

Front 11

Keratinocytes

Back 11

cells of the epidermis that produce a protein mixture called keratin;
responsible for the structrual strength and permeability characteristics of the epidermis

Front 12

Melanocytes

Back 12

cells of the epidermis that produce pigments called melanin and affect skin color

Front 13

Langerhans cells

Back 13

cells of the epidermis that are part of the immune system

Front 14

Merkel's cells

Back 14

specialized epidermal cells associated with nerve endings responsible for detecting light touch and superficial pressure

Front 15

Desquamate

Back 15

to slough off, such as skin cells on epidermis

Front 16

Keratinization

Back 16

a process by which cells in the epidermis move superficially due to mitosis in deeper layers, also causes the cells to change in shape and chemical composition, becoming filled with keratin; ultimately, these cells die and form a resistant and protective layer

Front 17

Stratum basale

Back 17

the deepest portion of the epidermis;
a single layer of cuboidal or columnar cells that divides to produce the cells of the epidermis