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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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passive transport |
the movement of substances across a cell membrane without the use of energy by the cell
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diffusion
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the movement of particles from regions of higher density to regions of lower density
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concentration gradient
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a difference in the concentration of a substance across a distance
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equilibrium
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in biology, a state that exists when the concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water or another solvent ffrom a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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osmosis
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the diffusion of water or another solvent ffrom a more dilute solution (of a solute) to a more concentrated solution (of the solute) through a membrane that is permeable to the solvent
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hypotonic
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describes a solution whose solute concentration is lower than the solute concentration
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Active Transport
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the movement of chemical substances, usually across the cell membrane, against a concentration gradient; requires cells to use energy
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Pump
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a carrier protein that uses ATP to actively transport sodium ions out of a cell and potassium ions into the cell
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carrier protein
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a protein that transports substances across a cell membrane
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ion channel
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a complex of protein molecules in a cell membrane that form a pore through which ions can pass
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endocytosis |
the process by which a cell membrane surrounds a particle and encloses the particle in a vesicle to bring the particle into the cell
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Vesicle
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a small cavity or sac that contains materials in a eukaryotic cell; forms when part of the cell membrane surrounds the materials to be taken into the cell or transported within the cell
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phagocytosis
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a process by which a cell engulfs large particles or whole cells, either as a defense mechanism or as means to obtain food
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Phagocyte |
a cell that ingests and destroys foreign matter or microorganisms
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exocytosis
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the process by which a substance is released from the cell through a vesicle that transports the substance to the cell surface and then fuses with the membrane to let the substance out
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hypertonic
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describes a solution whose solute concentration is higher than the solute concentration inside the cell
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isotonic
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describes a solution whose solute concentration is equal to the solute concentration inside the cell
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contractile vacuole
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in Protista, an organelle that accumulates water and the releases it periodically to maintain osmotic pressure
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facilitated diffusion
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the transport of substances through a cell membrane along a concentration gradient with the aid of carrier protein
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