Reading...
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43 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How can you improve your reading?
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By learning your own speed limit, and once knowing that limit develop ways that you can sensibly, naturally pick up your pace.
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Why can't you read at he rates that the speed-reading advocates promise?
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Unable to comprehend the material and unable to consolidate the material.
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What do recent experiments tell us about how we read?
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Fixations occur, which are pauses that our eyes do, momentary pauses, and by doing this one is able to focus on the material effectively.
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What sort of speeds do speed-readers claim?
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1. Reading thousands of words per minute, 100 percent comprehension.
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What is the basic premise of speed-reading?
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1. The eye is able to see a vast number of words in one fixation.
2. The eye can see phrases at a glace. 3. The eye can see entire lines 4. The eye can see paragraphs at a time. 5. The eye can see an entire page at a glance. |
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What is the average for students to take in usable letters per fixation?
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Good readers take in an average of about 6 to 8 usable letters per fixation.
-4 letters to the left of the center of fixation -(5-6) letters to the right of the center of fixation. |
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How fast can a better-than-average reader read?
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-10 words per second
-2.5 words per fixation at 4 fixation per second -1 minute, 600 words. |
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What is Cunningham's attitude toward speed-reading rates?
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Regular reading is approximately 300 words per minute.
-Those who read 1,000 words per minute = skimming the reading material. |
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What is vocalization?
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silent speech meaning reading silently to yourself, whispering the words, moving our lips, move only our vocal cords, or sound of each word as we read it.
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What is Hall's opinion on vocalization?
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Robert A. Hall Jr., an internationally known linguist states that vocalization is needed no matter if reading or writing takes place. A certain amount of subvocalization is used.
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What did Edfeldt's research conclude about "silent speech"?
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Ake Edfeldt, of the University of Stockholm Institute of Reading Research claimed that silent speech occurs in the reading of all persons.
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What does more recent research say about Edfeldt's conclusions?
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NASA embraces silent speech as a potential communications breakthrough. Attach sensors under a subject's chin and measures their silence speech, and are able to interpret it.
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What does recent research tell us about how the mind handles words?
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Researchers at MIT Just and Carpenter discovered, your eyes continue to fixate on a word not simply until you recognize that word but until you understand it.
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Why does it seem that we read words in rapid succession?
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Words are projected on the brain at the rate of 7-8 words per second. The brain is "viewing" only one word at a time. Like watching a movie, see motion and action but unable to comprehend the material.
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How are you able to comprehend your reading material?
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PACE
preparation, choosing, altitude, reading in clusters, and drawing on your experience. |
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Why is it risky to begin reading when you aren't well prepared?
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-would have to stop and reread a portion that was unclear
-overlook/misunderstood crucial information. |
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What does it mean to read like a navigator?
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-looks at the whole map before plotting a course.
-conducting a quick overview of your reading "territory". -Helps you to pick out landmarks in an assignment, enables you to see the relative importance of each part to the whole, and places you in a powerful position to organize information more readily and rapidly. |
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How do you read like a surgeon?
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assemble mental tools, and prepare them for intellectual operation.
For example: spend hours alone in the study, or take a long walk alone to recall everything one knows about the subject. |
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How do you read like a reporter?
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-good investigators tackle a story, backed up by research, armed with questions, and looking for answers.
1. questions that is expected from the book to be answered. 2. knowledge that is gained 3. where knowledge will be used. |
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What does altitude refer to when it comes to reading?
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the closer you get to the ground, the more information you glean, but the closer you get, the slower you go.
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When does scanning at 35,000 feet come in handy?
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used to search for something in particular.
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What is the purpose of skimming at the treetops?
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reading at a slower pace, understand the meaning of the passage.
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How do you use this kind of skimming to search for clues?
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Search for the specific term of the question asked and answer will be provided in a different way.
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How do you use treetop skimming to get the gist of an article or book?
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read both introduction and summary rapidly.
-look at the book's table of contents and select the chapter that is related to your topic, and skim it for its outstanding ideas. Able to glean enough meaning to determine which books should be used for closer reading. |
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When should you raud instead of scan or skim?
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gleaning the meaning of individual words and then piecing them together into complete thoughts.
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How does clustering relate to the way in which we learn to read?
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group letters into words without even thinking about it
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How can clustering be used to help improve your comprehension?
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easier to grasp, understand and comprehend.
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What role can intonation play in helping you read better?
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-the rise and fall of the voice in speaking.
-combo of individual words. -replaces rhythm, stress, emphasis, and pauses -allows groups of words to hold together in clusters. -encourages "reading fluency" = decodes passages more quickly and automatically, allowing your brain to focus on all-important comprehension instead. |
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How do you read when you approach an assignment in terms of paragraphs?
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-innotation helps cluster words
-clusters to paragraph size 1. the topic or controlling-idea sentence 2. supporting sentences 3. concluding sentences |
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What is the purpose of the topic sentence?
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announces the topic to be dealt with in the paragraph.
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What role do the supporting sentences play?
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it's the bulk of an expository paragraph which help explain or prove the main topic.
-facts, reasons, examples, definitions, comparisons, contrast, and other pertinent details. "sells ideas" |
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What is the function of the concluding sentence?
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used to sum up a discussion, emphasize a point, or to restate all or part of the topic sentence so as to bring the paragraph to close.
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How does it help to understand the three basic sentence types?
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leads to an understanding of each paragraph as a whole.
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What was Macaulay's reading strategy?
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he understood every word but was unable to summarize the ideas presented or even described from the book.
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What was Macaulay's simple solution?
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he made the page his fundamental unit of meaning.
"what did the writer say on this page?" |
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How would lack of experience affect your reading rate?
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it would be time consuming to look up every word in the dictionary, and unable to comprehend the material effectively.
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How does your experience come into play as you read?
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not as time consuming, built vocabulary from elementary up till college.
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What do authors assume?
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many historical or cultural references have become your personal body of knowledge, use this as a shorthand to efficiently express complicated ideas in just a word or two.
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How can you increase your experience?
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minimizing your "look up time
-build up on your background -boost vocabulary |
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Why will reading good books improve your reading?
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-will get a lot of practice.
-stock of concepts, ideas, events, and names that will lend meaning to ones reading = expand background - readily and rapidly understand the ideas and facts in other books. |
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What does Ausubel point to as the most important prerequisite for learning?
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already established background of knowledge.
-to understand what you read, you must interpret it in the light of knowledge (background) you already have. -accumulate by direct and vicarious experience (listening, seeing films, & reading books) |
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What is the relationship between vocabulary and reading speed?
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-faster readers have excellent "recognition vocabularies" they are able to understand them more quickly.
know its: -ancestry, principle definition, several second definitions, synonyms, and subtle differences among them, and antonyms. understanding: quick, automatic, and powerful. |
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What constitutes victory for readers?
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comes with comprehension and true understanding, not speed.
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