Chapter 5 Foundations Flashcards

Front 1

authoritarianism

Back 1

A political system in which a small group of individuals exercises power over the state without being constitutionally responsible to the public.

Front 2

totalitarianism

Back 2

A nondemocratic regime that is highly centralized, possessing some form of strong ideology that seeks to transform and absorb fundamental aspects of state, society, and the economy, using a wide array of institutions.

Front 3

populism

Back 3

A political view that does not have a consistent ideological foundation, but that emphasizes hostility toward elites and established state and economic institutions and favors greater power in the hands of the public.

Front 4

coercion

Back 4

Compelling behavior by threatening harm.

Front 5

co-optation

Back 5

The process by which individuals are brought into a beneficial relationship with the state, making them dependent on the state for certain rewards.

Front 6

corporatism

Back 6

A method of co-optation whereby authoritarian systems create or sanction a limited number of organizations to represent the interests of the public, and restrict those not set up or approved by the state.

Front 7

clientelism

Back 7

A process whereby the state co-opts members of the public by providing specific benefits or favors to a single person or a small group in return for public support.

Front 8

rent seekieng

Back 8

A process in which political leaders essentially rent out parts of the state to their patrons, who as a result control public goods that would otherwise be distributed in a nonpolitical manner.

Front 9

personality cult

Back 9

Promotion of the image of an authoritarian leader not merely as a political figure but as someone who embodies the spirit of the nation and possesses endowments of wisdom and strength far beyond those of the average individual, and is thus portrayed in a quasi-religious manner.

Front 10

personal/monarchial rule

Back 10

Rule by a single leader, with no clear regime or rules constraining that leadership.

Front 11

patrimonialism

Back 11

An arrangement whereby a ruler depends on a collection of supporters within the state who gain direct benefits in return for enforcing the ruler's will.

Front 12

military rule

Back 12

Rule by one or more military officials, often brought to power through a coup d'Žtat.

Front 13

coup d’tat

Back 13

A move in which military forces take control of the government by force.

Front 14

bureaucratic authoritarianism

Back 14

A system in which the state bureaucracy and the military share a belief that a technocratic leadership, focused on rational, objective, and technical expertise, can solve the problems of the country without public participation.

Front 15

one-party rule

Back 15

Rule by one political party, with other parties banned or excluded from power.

Front 16

theocracy

Back 16

A nondemocratic form of rule in which religion is the foundation for the regime.