Chapter 5: Digestive System Pathology

Front 1

anorexia

Back 1

Lack of appetite (-orexia = appetite)

Front 2

ascites

Back 2

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Front 3

borborygmus
(Plural: borborygmi)

Back 3

Rumling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas, fluid, or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 4

constipation

Back 4

Difficulty in passing stools

Front 5

diarrhea

Back 5

Frequent passage of loose, watery stools

Front 6

dysphagia

Back 6

Difficulty in swallowing

Front 7

eructation

Back 7

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Front 8

flatus

Back 8

Gas expelled through the anus

Front 9

hematochexia

Back 9

Passge of fresh, bright red blood from the rectum

Front 10

jaudice
(icterus)

Back 10

Yellow-orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubin)

Front 11

melena

Back 11

Black, tarry stools; feces contains digested blood

Front 12

nausea

Back 12

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with a tendency to vomit

Front 13

stetorrhea

Back 13

Fat in the feces; frothy, foul-smelling fecal matter

Front 14

aphthous stomatitis

Back 14

Inflammation of the mouth with small, ainful ulcers

Front 15

dental caries

Back 15

Tooth decay

Front 16

herpetic stomatitis

Back 16

Inflammation of the mouth (gingiva, lips, palate, and tongue) by infection with herpesvirus

Front 17

oral leuloplakia

Back 17

White plaque or patches (-plakia means plaque) on the mucosa of the mouth

Front 18

peridontal diesease

Back 18

Inflammation and degeneration of gums, teeth, and surrounding bone

Front 19

achalasia

Back 19

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter (LES) muscle to relax

Front 20

esophageal varices

Back 20

Swollen, varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Front 21

gastic carcinoma

Back 21

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Front 22

gastroesophageall reflux disease (GERD)

Back 22

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach

Front 23

hernia

Back 23

Protrusion of an organ or part through the muscle normally containing it

Front 24

peptic ulcer

Back 24

Open sore or lesion of the mucous membrane of the stomach or duodenum

Front 25

anail fistula

Back 25

Abnormal tube-like passageway near the anus

Front 26

colonic polyposis

Back 26

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the muscosa membrane of teh colon

Front 27

colorectal cancer

Back 27

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, or both

Front 28

Crohn disease (Crohn's)

Back 28

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract (terminal ileum and colon)

Front 29

diverticulosis

Back 29

Abnormal side pockets (outpouching) in the intestinal tract

Front 30

dysentery

Back 30

Painful, inflamed intestines

Front 31

hemmorrhoids

Back 31

Swollen, twisted, varicose veins in the rectal region

Front 32

ileus

Back 32

Faliure of peristalsis with resulting obstruction of the intestines

Front 33

intussusception

Back 33

Telescopong of the intestines

Front 34

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 34

Group of gastrointestinal symptoms associated with stress and tension (symptoms are diarrhea, constipation, bloating, and lower abdominal pain)

Front 35

ulcerative colitis

Back 35

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Front 36

volvulus

Back 36

Twisting of the intestines om itself

Front 37

cholelithiasis

Back 37

Gallstones in the gallbladder

Front 38

cirrhosis

Back 38

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Front 39

pancreatitis

Back 39

inflammation of teh pancreas

Front 40

viral hepatitis

Back 40

Inflammation of the lover caused by a virus