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16 Cards in this Set

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  • Back
What is the Conservation of Energy Principle?
States that it is not possible to destroy or create energy. Energy, too, can only be converted from one form to another.
What is potential energy?
Potential- energy that an object has because of its location or arrangement, such as the energy contained by water behind a dam or by a compressed spring.
what is kinetic energy?
Kinetic- the energy of motion
Is the energy conversion process efficient?
Yes, life depends on the conversion of energy from one form to another.
What does it mean to say that entropy increases when potential energy is converted to kinetic energy?
Entropy increases because it is a measure of disorder, or randomness
How is energy conversion in animal cells like the running of a car engine? (Think about what goes into the process and what is released.)
Like an engine, cellular respiration uses oxygen to harvest the chemical energy of organic fuel molecules. Cellular respiration breaks sugars and other organic molecules down to smaller waste products. This chemical breakdown releases energy that was stored in the fuel molecules. Cells use this energy for their work.
What is ATP? What about its structure is given away by its name?
Adenosine TriPhosphate. Tri-3 phosphate groups.
How is ATP used to do cellular work?
It is release of the phosphate at the tip of the triphosphate tail that makes energy available to working cells.
ATP can be “spent” to do different kinds of work – what kinds of work were presented in lecture? Give a real-life of example for one of the three (check your book if not in your notes).
Mechanical work, transport work, and chemical work. Bicyclist pedaling up a hill- mechanical. ATP enables brain cells to pump ions across their membranes which prepares the brain cells to transmit signals- transport. Linking of amino acids to make a protein- chemical
Enzymes belong to what class of biological molecules?
Activation energy
How do enzymes assist in chemical reactions?
they speed up metabolic reaction by lowering the activation energy required to break the bonds of reactant molecules.
What is a substrate?
a) Substrate- a specific substance on which an enzyme acts. Each enzyme recognizes only the specific substrate of the reaction it catalyzes.
What is the part of the enzyme called where the substrate binds?
b) A special region of the enzyme, called the active site, has a shape and chemistry that fits it to the substrate molecule
How does an enzyme assist a chemical reaction in which a substrate is being broken down?
c) When a substrate molecule slips into this docking station, the active site changes shape slightly to embrace the substrate and catalyze the reaction. This interaction is called induced fit, because the entry of the substrate induces the enzyme to change its shape slightly and make the fit between substrate and active site even snugger.
The action of enzymes can be inhibited. What are the two examples from class of other molecules that disrupt enzyme function? What do these inhibitors do to keep the enzyme from fulfilling its duties?
Substrate imposters that plug up the active site (you could not shake a friends hand if someone else puts a banana in your hand first) other inhibitors bind to the enzyme at some site remote to the active site, but the binding changes the shape of the enzyme so that its active site is no longer receptive to the substrate. (imagine being unable to shake your friends hand because someone else is tickling your ribs)
What is a concentration gradient?
The side where it is less concentrated. In active transport, cellular energy is used to drive a transport protein that actively pumps a solute across a membrane against the solutes concentration gradient and toward the side that is more concentrated.