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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Production
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The ways resorces are used by people to meet their needs
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WHEN DID DOMESTICATION START?
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10,000 Years ago
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Factors of Production
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Labor, technology, Natural resources
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Labor
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Time and energy to do the work
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technology
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Available tools and knowledge
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Natural resources
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there to use in the environment
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Organization of Production's (who, what ,where when how) Three factors
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Division of labor, Patterns of cooperation, Rights to resources
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Division of labor
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sex, age, skill
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Patterns of cooperation
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working in groups vs. alone
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Rights to resources
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Who has the right to use the resources within a given area?
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adaptive strategy
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(a.k.a. subsistence strategy) refers to a group’s system of economic production.
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Adaptive Strategies, or Ways to Get Food
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foraging, horticulture, agriculture, pastoralism
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foraging
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Foragers (a.k.a. hunter-gatherers) rely on nature to live, using undomesticated plant and animals.
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horticulture
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is nonintensive plant cultivation, based on the use of simple hand tools and cyclical, noncontinuous use croplands.
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Slash-and-burn cultivation
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cutting down and buring a land to put minerals back into the soil.
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Shifting cultivation
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moving from plot to plot
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Sectorial fallowing
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a plot of land may be planted two to three years before shifting, then allowed to lie fallow for a period of years.
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Dry farming
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relying on moisture in soil only and drought resistant crops
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agriculture
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Agriculture is cultivation involving continuous use of cropland and it is much more labor-intensive than horticulture.
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benefits of agriculture
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long-term production (per area) is far more stable and dependable than horticulture’s
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distinction between agriculture and horticulture
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horticulture requires regular fallowing
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TERRACES
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shelves made in land to create more working space for growing rice
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Pastoralism (Herding)
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Pastoralism usually occurs in regions that are unsuitable for agriculture.
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Types of Pastoralism:
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Pastoral nomadism, Transhumance or agro-pastoralism
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Pastoral nomadism
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all members of the pastoral society follow the herd throughout the year.
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Transhumance or agro-pastoralism
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part of the society follows the herd, while the other part maintains a home village.
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Subsistence Risk Reduction
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Livestock can be used as insurance against drought and crop failure.
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