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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the components of ECM?
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Water, Proteins, Proteoglycans
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What are the structural proteins?
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Collagen, Elastin, Fibreonectin, Laminins.
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What is a collagen?
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Strong, flexible protein fiber
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What is elastin?
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Elastic Fibers
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What are glycoproteins?
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Proteins with a few carbohydrate attachments.
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What do fibronectin and laminins do?
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Help connect the ECM components to cells by binding with integrins in plasma membranes.
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What are Proteoglycans?
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Hybrid molecules that are mostly carbohydrates attached to a protein backbone.
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What the 3 examples of proteoglycans?
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Chondroitin Sulfate, Heparine, and Hyaluronate.
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What characteristics do proteoglycans give to ECM?
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Thickness and shock absorption.
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What are the functions of ECM?
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Bind tissues together structurally, Allows communication among EMC and various cells.
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What are the 3 types of Primary Germ Layers, and where are they located on the body?
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Endoderm - Inside the body
Mesoderm - Muscles, Skeleton, Etc. Ectoderm - The outside of the body. |
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What is gastrulation?
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Process of cell movement and differentiation, which results in development of primary germ layers.
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What is Histogenesis?
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The process by which the primary germ layers differentiate into different kinds of tissue. - Tissue Formation.
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What are the two types of Epithelium?
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Membranous and Glandular.
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What is Membranous Epithelium and where is it located?
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Covers the body and some of its parts, lines the serous cavities, blood and lymphatic vessels, and respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary tracts.
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What is Glandular Epithelium?
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Secretory units of endocrine and exocrine glands.
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What are the functions of epithelial tissues?
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Protection, Sensory Functions, Secretion, Absorption, Excretion.
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What is simple squamous epithelium?
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One-cell layer of flat cells
Permeable to many substances |
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What is simple cuboidal epithelium?
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One-Cell layer of "cube" shaped cells.
Found in many glands and ducts |
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What is simple columnar epithelium?
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Single layer of tall column-shaped cells.
Cells often modified for specialized functions - Goblet (Secretion), Cilia (Movement), Microvilli (Absorption) Often lines hollow visceral structures. |
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What is pseudostratified columnar epithelium?
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Columnar cells of differing heights
All cells rest on the basement membrane, but may not reach the free surface. Found lining air passages and segments of male reproductive system. |
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What is stratified squamous(karatinized) epithelium?
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Multiple layers of flat squamous cells filled with keratin.
Covers outer skin on body surface. |
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What is stratified squamous (nonkeratinized) epithelium?
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Lines vagina, mouth, and esophagus.
Free surface is moist Primary function is protection. |
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What is stratified cuboidal epithelium?
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Two or more rows of cells are typical
Located in sweat gland ducts and pharynx. |
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What is stratified columnar epithelium?
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Multiple layers of columnar cells.
Rare Located in segments of male urethra and near anus. |
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What is stratified transitional epithelium?
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Located in lining of hollow viscera subjected to stress (urinary bladdar)
Often 10 or more layers thick. Protects organ walls from tearing. |
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What do exocrine glands do?
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Discharge secretions into ducts.
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What are endocrine glands?
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"Ductless" glands. Discharge secretions directly into blood or interstitial fluid.
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What are the 3 types of exocrine glands?
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Apocrine, Holocrine, Merocrine.
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What are apocrine glands?
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Secretory products collect near apex of cell and are pinched off the distended end.
Secretion results in some damage to cell wall and some loss of cytoplasm. IE: Mammary Glands. |
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What are Holocrine Glands?
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When secretion products are released, cell self destructs.
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What are Merocrine Glands?
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Sweat Glands
Secrete directly through cell membrane. No damage to cell. |
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What is the general function of connective tissue?
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Connects, supports, transports, and protects.
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What are the 4 types of connective tissues?
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Loose (Areolar)
Adipose Reticular Dense - Regular and Irregular |
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What are the two types of bone tissues?
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Compact bone and Cancellous bone.
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What are the 3 types of cartilage?
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Hyaline, Fibrocartilage, and Elastic.
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What is Loose (Areolar) connective tissue?
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One of the most widely distributed of all tissues.
Function: Stretchy, Flexible connection. |
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What are the cells that are present in Areolar Connective Tissue?
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Fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, plasma cells, fat cells, white blood cells.
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What is the 4 function of Adipose Tissue?
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Protection, Insulation, Support, and food reserve.
Contains mainly fat cells. |
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What is the function of reticular tissue?
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Defense against microorganisms and other injurious substances; reticular meshwork filters out injurious particles, and reticular cells phagocytose them.
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What does reticular tissue form the framework of?
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Spleen, Lymph Nodes, Bone Marrow.
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