• Shuffle
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Alphabetize
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Front First
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Both Sides
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
  • Read
    Toggle On
    Toggle Off
Reading...
Front

Card Range To Study

through

image

Play button

image

Play button

image

Progress

1/60

Click to flip

Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;

Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;

H to show hint;

A reads text to speech;

60 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

define: saturation vapor pressure (SVP)

The maximum amount of water vapor that the air can hold.

A simple formula for calculating relative humidity is?

RH=VP/SVP*100

The temperature at which relative humidity becomes 100% is called the __________

dew point

atmospheric stability

helps determine whether clouds will be deep and produce rain (or other precipitation), or thin, or simple not form at all.

If air tends to rise easily, the atmosphere is said to be ________, and ________ and _________ are likely to form

1. Unstable


2. Deep Clouds


3. precipitation





If air tends to resist rising, the atmosphere is said to be ______, which usually results in _____ and ________.

1. stable


2. clear skies


3. dry weather

Dry Adiabatic Lapse Rate (DALR)

Refers to the rate at which a riding parcel of air cools (typically per kilometer)

Anything that increases the ELR also promotes ___________ conditions

unstable

ELR is caused by both ______ the surface (like on a hot, sunny day) and ______ the upper atmosphere (like radiative cooling of cloud tops).

1. warming


2. cooling

Phenomena that ____ the surface (like a cool ocean current) and ____ the upper atmosphere (like a temperature inversion) promote ____ conditions

1. cool


2. heat


3. stable

CCNs stands for

cloud condensation nuclei

The atmosphere always contains these tiny particles:

sea salt, pollen, dust, pollutants, volcanic ash, and dozens of compounds in smoke.

Raindrops form by ______ and ______

collision and coalescence

Relative Humidity is usually highest

at the coldest time of day

clouds form when air ________ and water vapor ______.

cools, condenses



how do snowflakes grow?

water evaporates from water droplets and condenses (sublimates) onto ice crystals



how does an advection fog form?

warm, most air moves over cold water

if the sky is overcast with deep clouds, what atmospheric condition are likely?

unstable and rising air

a given parcel of air at 20 degrees C has a vapor pressure of 8mb, saturation vapor pressure of 24 mb, and a relatie humidity of 33%. The air cools to 10 degrees C, where the relative humidity becomes 100%. What is the dew point?

10 degrees C



How can Kilauea volcano reduce the rainfall in South Kona

volcanic CCN's cause more, nut smaller, cloud droplets

water continuously enters the atmosphere by evaporation. Why doesn't it remain there?

because there is a maximum amount of water vapor the air can hold

why does a blow drier cause hair to dry so quickly?

it increases the wind speed and lowers the humidity of the air

which of the following would promote stable conditions?

very cold air moving over a surface

why does a flat cloud deck form over the Hawaiian Islands at around 7000 feet altitude?

the temperature inversion limits the height clouds can rise


relative humidity will increase if air temperature _________ or the vapor pressure of the air ___________.

decreases, increases

If the vapor pressure is 2mb and the saturation vapor pressure is 10mb, what is the relative humidity.

20%

which of the following be a continuous layer of mixed water and ice clouds with bases forming at mid-altitude (2 to 6 km)

altostratus

over land, most water vapor enters the atmosphere by _________ from __________.

transipiration, plant stomata

when water condesnes, it _______ heat energy and _________ the surrounding air.

releases, heats

what is a rainshadow

dry areas leeward of mountains

What is a major difference between tropical cyclones (hurricanes) and midlatitude cyclones?

one has fronts, the other doesn't
when viewing a weather satellite image of Earth, you see a continuous band of clouds stretching east-west along the equator. You conclude that this is __________ .
the intertropical convergence zone
If a migratory low pressure center moves from the west to east north of the Hawaiian Islands, how will the winds change?
first southerly, then westerly, then northerly
Where is the term "typhoon" commonly used?

West Pacific
which of the following best describes the weather AFTER a cold front has passed?
clearing skies, increasing pressure, winds from the north
Strong winds from the north-northeast at 30mph, mostly cloudy, with frequent rain showers and drizzle over leeward areas all day long. This describes what weather pattern in Hawaii?

wet trades
A common configuration of warm and cold fronts in the northern hemisphere is

warm front to the east of the low, cold front to the south and west of the low
An mT air mass would most likely form over

the tropical pacific
Why are occluded fronts the end stage of the front lifecycle

the temperature contrast disappears, so no front exists

winds light and variable, mostly from the southwest, mostly clear, high humidity and muggy conditions, sea breezes in some areas and hazy skies. This describes what weather pattern?
Kona Weather
As a warm front passes, the weather changes from _____ before the front, to ______ as it passes, to ________ after it passes.

Cool, overcast with possible rain, warmer


If a hurricane traveling northward passes between Oahu and Molokai (Oahu to the west, Molokai to the east), what would the wind direction be over Oahu when the storm was directly between the islands?




northerly
on sunny days, an open field of soil will become much hotter than surrounding fields covered with crops. This can cause air to rise and form clouds. This is an example of ________.

convective lifting

It appears that a cP air mass will be moving over your location soon, you can predict that the weather will become _____ and _____.

cool, dry

Why do hurricanes seldom strike the Hawaiian Islands?

because the wind shear is common

Over O'ahu, the maximum rainfall is about _____ times greater than the minimum rainfall.

10

How can deforestation cause rivers to dry up?

groundwater aquifiers bcome smaller due to less recharge

which of the following is true of the Earth's oceans?

In recent geologic time, the salinity and volume of the oceans are neither increasing nor decreasing

On O'ahu, the dominant soil Order of the windward side is ___________ while the dominant soil Order of central O'ahu is _________.

Ultisol and Oxisol

Eluviation from the A horizon tends to

lose materials by leaching

How can streams continue to flow all year long even when it doesn't rain?

groundwater flows into them

which of the following shows the correct ranking of FRESH water reservoirs, from largest to smallest?

Ice, groundwater, lakes, streams

which of the following gets the majority of tits fresh water from groundwater sources?

Oahu

why are skimming galleries often drilled at the bottom of wells in Hawaii?

to extract the freshest water and reduce saltwater intrusion

which of the following is a simplified soil water balance equation?

precipitation+irrigation=evaporation +runoff

which would increase surface runoff and erosion?

decreasing the soil infiltration rate

why were norfolk island pines planted on the highest point of Lanai?

to catch cloud water

what is the soil texture order, from largest particles to smallest particles?

sand, silt, clay

what soil order is represented by ash deposits in Hawaii?

inceptisol

why are soil colloids important to soil fertility?

they hold nutrients in the soil