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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is sugar? |
Sucrose |
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elemental sodium |
Sodium is an extremely reactive metal that dulls almost instantly upon exposure to air |
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Elemental chlorine |
Chlorine is a yellow gas with a pungent odor. It's highly reactive and poisonous |
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Sodium chloride |
the compound formed by sodium and chlorine is a table salt |
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What is the difference between a compound and a mixture? |
In a compound the elements combine in fixed definite proportions In a mixture, they can have any portions whatsoever |
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The law of constant composition |
All samples of a given compound have the same proportions of their constituent elements |
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Chemical formula |
indicates the elements present in a compound and the relative number of atoms of each |
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H2O symbols |
h is for hydrogen O is for oxygen (implies subscript of 1 indicating 1 oxygen atom 2 is for the subscript indicating 2 hydrogen atoms |
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carbon monoxide |
an air pollutant with adverse health effects on humans |
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carbon dioxide |
the relatively harmless product of combustion and human respiration |
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Polyatomic ions |
many of these groups of atoms have a charge associated with them |
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Empirical formula |
gives the relative number of atoms of each element in a compound |
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molecular formula |
gives the actual number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound |
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structural formula |
uses lines to represent chemical bonds and shows how the atoms in a molecule are connected to each other |
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molecular models |
three dimensional representations of molecules are used to represent compounds |
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balls and stick models |
we represent atoms as balls and chemical bonds as sticks |
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space filling models |
atoms fill the space between each other to more closely represent our best idea for how a molecule might appear if we could scale it to a visible size. |
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Elements |
are atomic (ex: Ne) and Molecular (ex: O2) |
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Compounds |
Molecular (H20) and Ionic (NaCl) |
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atomic elements |
are those that exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units |
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molecular elements |
do not normally exist in nature with single atoms as their basic units |
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Hydrogen Nitrogen oxygen fluorine chlorine bromine iodine |
H2 N2 O2 F2 Cl2 Br2 I2 |
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Molecular compounds |
compounds formed from two or more nonmetals |
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ionic compounds |
contain one or more cations paired with one or more anions |
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cations anions |
metals nonmetals |
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molecules |
the basic its that compose dry ice, a molecular compound are CO2 molecules |
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formula units |
the basic units that compose table salt, an ion compound, are Na Cl |
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metal |
tendency to lose electrons |
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nonmetals |
tendency to gain electrons |
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ionic |
compound composed of a metal and a nonmetal |
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Binary compounds |
contain only 2 different eleemnts
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oxyanions |
anions containing oxygen |
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sodium hypochlorite |
acs to destroy color-causing molecules and kills bacteria |
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sodium bicarbonate |
which acts as a source of carbon dioxide gas in baking |
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sodium nitrite |
ood addictive used to repress packaged meats such as ham, hot dogs,etc |
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acids |
molecular compounds that form ions when dissolved in water |
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binary acids |
only containing hyrdrogen and nonmetal |
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oxyacids |
contianing hydrogen, a nonmetal, and oxygen |
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formula mass |
sum of the atomic masses of all the atoms in the chemical formula for the compound |
