Chapter 5-7

Front 1

Prevalence of Anxiety Disorders

Back 1

:Most common metal disorder in the US
:any given year --> 18% of population
:29% develop in their lifetime
:only 20% seek trx
:Most suffer from another disorder as well

Front 2

Specific Phobias

Back 2

def: Persistent fears of specific objects or situations
-9% of population any given year
-12% develop at some point in life
-women:men = 2:1
-prevalence differs across racial/ethnic groups
-most don't seek trx

Front 3

Social Phobias

Back 3

def: Severe, persistent, & unreasonable fears of social or performance situations in which embarrassment may occur
-"narrow": talking, eating, writing in public
-"broad": general fear of functioning in front of others
-7% of pop. in a given year
-women:men = 3:2

Front 4

Treatments for GAD

Back 4

Psychodynamic: free association
Humanistic: client-centered therapy where therapist tries to give unconditional positive regard
Cognitive: rational-emotive therapy
Biological: benzodiazepines, antianxiety meds, relaxation training, biofeedback

Front 5

Treatments for Phobias

Back 5

-Specific Phobias: Behavioral Therapy
1. systematic desensitization
2. flooding
3. modeling
-Social Phobia: Combination Therapy (meds and psychotherapy)

Front 6

Panic Disorder

Back 6

def: The experience of panic repeatedly and unexpectedly attacks in the absence of a real threat
-~3% of US pop. affected each year
-~5% US pop. affected at some point in life
-Develops late adolescence/early adulthood
-women:men = 2:1
-35% in Trx

Front 7

Panic Disorder Treatment

Back 7

-Biological: meds that alter neurotr.
1. Antidepressants
2. Benzodiazepines

-Cognitive: panic rxns are experienced only by those who misinterpret bodily events
: Trx corrects misinterpretations

Front 8

Obsessions vs. Compulsions

Back 8

-Obsessions: Thoughts that feel intrusive and foreign

-Compulsions: "Voluntary" behaviors or mental acts that reduce anxiety caused by thoughts

Front 9

OCD and Major Theories

Back 9

Psychodynamic: disorder develops when kids fear their Id impulses (thoughts) and use Ego defense mech. to lessen anxiety (compulsions)

Behavioral: people learn their compulsions by chance after repeated associations

Cognitive: everyone has repetitive, unwanted thoughts, OCD people overreact and use compulsions

Front 10

OCD Treatments

Back 10

Biological: serotonin-based antidepressants

Combination therapy (meds with cog-behav approach) is best

Front 11

Fear vs. Anxiety

Back 11

Fear is a response to a serious threat to one's well-being while Anxiety is a response to a vague sense of threat or danger

Front 12

Acute Stress Disorder

Back 12

Following trauma, feelings of anxiousness and depression begin within 4 weeks and last for less than 1 month

Trx type varies depending on trauma

Front 13

PTSD

Back 13

Following trauma, feelings of anxiousness and depression begin at any time and last for longer than 1 month; May develop from Acute Stress Dx

Trx varies

Front 14

Psychophysiological Disorders

Back 14

def: Group of physical illnesses that seem to result from an interaction of psychosocial and physical factors; bring about ACTUAL physical change

Ex: ulcers, insomnia, HBP, asthma

Trx: combination of psychological and medical trx

Front 15

Somatoform Disorders

Back 15

def: Problems that apear to be physical or medical but are due to psychosocial causes

Types:
1. Conversion
2. Somatization Disorder
3. Pain Disorder associated with psychological factors

Front 16

Conversion Disorders

Back 16

Psychosocial conflict or need is converted into dramatic symptoms that affect voluntary or sensory functioning
-Symptoms: neurological
-women:men = 2:1
-begin b/t childhood & young adult
-appear suddenly, and rare

Front 17

Somatization Disorder

Back 17

Numerous long lasting physical ailments that have little or no organic basis
-symptoms described in exaggerated terms
-must have multiple symptoms (gastrointestinal, sexual, neuro)
-often runs in families

Front 18

Pain Disorder associated with Psychological Factors

Back 18

When Psychosocial factors play a role in onset or severity of pain
-often develops after accident/illness
-more women than men
-begins at any age

Front 19

Criteria for diagnosing a Factitious Disorder

Back 19

-People go to extreme lengths to create appearance of illness
-Patients research their "ailments"
-Had extensive medical trx as child
-Carries a grudge against medical profession

Front 20

Psychodynamic view of Somatoform Disorders

Back 20

-Hysterical disorders are a conversion of emotional conflicts into physical symptoms
-Focused on the Phallic Stage
-Freud: women hide their sexual feelings as adults by converting them to symptoms

Front 21

Modern Psychodynamic view of Somatoform Disorders

Back 21

-Still believe that we carry unconscious conflicts from childhood
-Two mechanisms for hysterical Dx:
1.Primary gain: symptoms keep internal conflicts out of conscious
2.Secondary gain: symptoms let us avoid things we don't want to do and get sympathy from others

Front 22

Behavioral view of Somatoform Disorders

Back 22

Physical symptoms of hysterical disorders bring rewards to sufferers (similar to modern pycho.) These gains are the main cause of the development of the disorder but childhood conflicts are the cause in psycho.

Front 23

Cognitive view of Somatoform Disorders

Back 23

Hysterical disorders are a form of communication, allowing people to express difficult emotions.
Like psycho in a sense that emotions are converted into symptoms. However, it is not to defend against anxiety but to communicate feelings.

Front 24

4 kinds of Dissociative Amnesia

Back 24

1.Localized: most common; loss of all memory of events occurring within a a limited period.
2.Selective: loss of memory for some but not all events in a given period
3.Generalized: loss of memory triggered by an event but goes back in time; may lose identity; fail to recognize family/friends
4.Continuous: forget both old and new info; rare

Front 25

Psychodynamic explanation of Dissociative Disorders

Back 25

Caused by repression: people fight off anxiety by unconsciously preventing memories from reaching awareness
Amnesia and Fugue=single episodes
DID results from a lifetime of excessive repression due to childhood trauma

Front 26

Behavioral explanation of Dissociative Disorders

Back 26

Dissociation grows from normal memory processes and is a response learned thru operant conditioning

See dissociation as escape behavior

Front 27

Treatments for Dissociative Disorders

Back 27

Amnesia/Fugue: recover on own
DID: need Trx to regain lost memories and integrate personalities
Others:
1.Psychodynamic (free association)
2.Hypnotic Therapy (guided recall)
3.Drug Therapy (barbiturates)

Front 28

Depersonalization Disorder

Back 28

-People feel as though they have become separated from their body and feel as though the world is not real
-Symptoms are recurrent and caused distress
-Most often seen in young adults, adolescents
-Comes on suddenly and tends to be chronic