Chapter 5, 6, 15

Front 1

Calc/o, calci/o

Back 1

Calcium

Front 2

Kyph/o

Back 2

Hunchback, humpback

Front 3

Lamin/o

Back 3

Lamina

Front 4

Lord/o

Back 4

Curve, sway back

Front 5

Lumb/o

Back 5

Loins, lower back

Front 6

Myel/o

Back 6

Bone marrow

Front 7

Orth/o

Back 7

Straight

Front 8

Oste/o

Back 8

Bone

Front 9

Scoli/o

Back 9

Crooked, bent

Front 10

Spondyl/o

Back 10

Vertebra

Front 11

Vertebr/o

Back 11

Vertebra

Front 12

-blast

Back 12

Embryonic or immature cell

Front 13

-clast

Back 13

To break

Front 14

-listhesis

Back 14

Slipping

Front 15

-malacia

Back 15

Softening

Front 16

-physis

Back 16

To grow

Front 17

-porosis

Back 17

Pore, passage

Front 18

-tome

Back 18

Instrument to cut

Front 19

Acetabul/o

Back 19

Acetabulum (hip socket)

Front 20

Calcane/o

Back 20

Calcaneus (heel bone)

Front 21

Carp/o

Back 21

Carpal (wrist bone)

Front 22

Clavicul/o

Back 22

Clavicle

Front 23

Cost/o

Back 23

Ribs

Front 24

Crani/o

Back 24

Head

Front 25

Femor/o

Back 25

Femur

Front 26

Fibul/o

Back 26

Fibula

Front 27

Humer/o

Back 27

Humerus

Front 28

Ili/o

Back 28

Ilium

Front 29

Ishi/o

Back 29

Ishium

Front 30

Malleol/o

Back 30

Malleolum (process on each side of the ankle)

Front 31

Mandibul/o

Back 31

Mandible

Front 32

Maxil/o

Back 32

Maxilary

Front 33

Metacarp/o

Back 33

Metacarpal

Front 34

Metatars/o

Back 34

Metatarsals

Front 35

Olecran/o

Back 35

Olecranon (elbow)

Front 36

Patell/o

Back 36

Patella

Front 37

Pelv/i

Back 37

Pelvis

Front 38

Perone/o

Back 38

Fibula

Front 39

Phalang/o

Back 39

Phalanges

Front 40

Pub/o

Back 40

Pubis

Front 41

Radi/o

Back 41

Radius

Front 42

Scapul/o

Back 42

Scapula

Front 43

Stern/o

Back 43

Sternum

Front 44

Tars/o

Back 44

Tarsals

Front 45

Tibi/o

Back 45

Tibia

Front 46

Uln/o

Back 46

Ulna

Front 47

Ewing sarcoma

Back 47

Rare malignant tumor arising in bones, often in children

Front 48

Exostosis

Back 48

Bony growth (benign) arising from the surface of the bone

Front 49

Fracture

Back 49

Traumatic breaking of a bone: Colles, Comminuted, Compression, Greenstick, simple, compound

Front 50

Osteosarcoma

Back 50

Common malignant tumor arising from the osteoblasts, often in children or adolescents

Front 51

Osteomalacia

Back 51

Softening of the bone due to lack of calcium

Front 52

Osteomyelitis

Back 52

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Front 53

Osteoporosis

Back 53

Decrease in bone density

Front 54

Talipes

Back 54

Congenital abnormality of the hind foot involving the talus (ankle)

Front 55

Ankyl/o

Back 55

Stiff

Front 56

Arthr/o

Back 56

Joint

Front 57

Articul/o

Back 57

Joint

Front 58

Burs/o

Back 58

Bursa

Front 59

Chondr/o

Back 59

Cartilage

Front 60

Ligament/o

Back 60

Ligament

Front 61

Rheumat/o

Back 61

Watery flow

Front 62

Synov/o

Back 62

Synovial membrane

Front 63

Ten/o

Back 63

Tendon

Front 64

Tendon/o

Back 64

Tendon

Front 65

-desis

Back 65

To bind or tie together

Front 66

-stenosis

Back 66

Narrowing

Front 67

Ankylosing spondylitis

Back 67

Chronic progressive arthritis with stiffening of the joints

Front 68

Gouty arthritis

Back 68

Inflammation and painful swelling of the joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body

Front 69

Osteoarthritis

Back 69

Progressive degenerative joint disease with loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bones at articular surfaces

Front 70

Rheumatoid arthritis

Back 70

Chronic joint condition with inflammation and pain; caused by an autoimmune reaction against joint tissue, particularly synovial joints

Front 71

Bunion

Back 71

Enlargement of joint or tissue around the base of the big toe

Front 72

Carpal tunnel syndrome

Back 72

Compression of the median nerve as it passes between the ligaments, bones, and tendons of the wrist

Front 73

Dislocation

Back 73

Displacement of a bone from its joint

Front 74

Ganglion cyst

Back 74

Fluid filled sac arising from joint capsule or tendons, typically in the hand

Front 75

Herniation of an invertebral disk

Back 75

Abnormal intrusion of an invertebral disk into the spinal nerve or spinal canal

Front 76

Lime disease

Back 76

Disorder marked by arthritis, myalgia, and malaise; cause is a bacterium spread by a tick

Front 77

Sprain

Back 77

Trauma to ligaments without rupture

Front 78

Fasci/o

Back 78

Fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

Front 79

Fibr/o

Back 79

Fibrous connective tissue

Front 80

Leiomy/o

Back 80

Smooth muscle tissue that lines the walls of internal organs

Front 81

My/o

Back 81

Muscle

Front 82

Myocardi/o

Back 82

Cardiac muscle

Front 83

Myos/o

Back 83

Muscle

Front 84

Plant/o

Back 84

Sole of the foot

Front 85

Rhabdomy/o

Back 85

Skeletal muscle connected to bones

Front 86

Sarc/o

Back 86

Muscle and flesh

Front 87

-asthenia

Back 87

Lack of strength

Front 88

Muscular dystrophy

Back 88

A group of inherited diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of muscle fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Front 89

Polymyositis

Back 89

Chronic imflammatory myopathy

Front 90

Uric acid test

Back 90

Measures uric acid in serum. High levels cause gouty arthritis.

Front 91

Arthrocentesis

Back 91

Surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint space

Front 92

Arthrography

Back 92

Taking x-ray images after injecting contrast material into a joint

Front 93

Arthroplasty

Back 93

Surgical repair or replacement of a joint

Front 94

Arthroscopy

Back 94

Visual examination of a joint with an arthroscopic camera and television

Front 95

Bone density test (bone densitometry)

Back 95

Low energy x-ray absorption in bones of the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist used to measure bone density

Front 96

Bone scan

Back 96

Uptake of a radioactive substance is measured in the bone

Front 97

Computed tomography (CT)

Back 97

X-ray beam computer provide cross sectional and other images

Front 98

Diskography

Back 98

X-ray examination of cervical or lumbar invertebral disk after injection of contrast into the nuclear pulposes (interior of the disk)

Front 99

Electromyography (EMG)

Back 99

Recording the strength of muscle contraction due to electrical stimulation

Front 100

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Back 100

Magnetic field creates images of soft tissue

Front 101

Muscle biopsy

Back 101

Removal of muscle tissue for microscopic imaging

Front 102

-ectasis

Back 102

Dilation

Front 103

-emesis

Back 103

Vomitting

Front 104

-pepsia

Back 104

Digestion

Front 105

-phagia

Back 105

Eating, swallowing

Front 106

-plasty

Back 106

Surgical repair

Front 107

-ptysis

Back 107

Spitting

Front 108

-rrhage, -rrhagia

Back 108

Bursting forth (of blood)

Front 109

-rrhaphy

Back 109

Suture

Front 110

-spasm

Back 110

Involuntary contraction of muscles

Front 111

-tresia

Back 111

Opening

Front 112

An/o

Back 112

Anus

Front 113

Append/o

Back 113

Appendix

Front 114

Bucc/o

Back 114

Cheek

Front 115

Cec/o

Back 115

Cecum

Front 116

Celi/o

Back 116

Belly, abdomen

Front 117

Cheil/o

Back 117

Lip

Front 118

Cholecyst/o

Back 118

Gallbladder

Front 119

Col/o, colon/o

Back 119

Colon

Front 120

Dent/i

Back 120

Tooth

Front 121

Duoden/o

Back 121

Duodenum

Front 122

Fac/i

Back 122

Face

Front 123

Ile/o

Back 123

Ileum

Front 124

Antinuclear antibody test (ANA)

Back 124

Detects an antibody present in serum of patients with systemic lupus, erythematosus, and other autoimmune diseases.

Front 125

Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

Back 125

Measures time it takes for erythrocytes to settle to the bottom of a test tube

Front 126

Rheumatoid factor test (RF)

Back 126

Serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

Front 127

Serum calcium (Ca)

Back 127

Measurement of calcium level in serum

Front 128

Serum creatine kinase (CK)

Back 128

Measurement of the enzyme creatine kinase in serum

Front 129

Jejun/o

Back 129

Jejunum

Front 130

Labi/o

Back 130

Lip

Front 131

Lapar/o

Back 131

Abdomen

Front 132

Lingu/o

Back 132

Tongue

Front 133

Mandibul/o

Back 133

Mandible

Front 134

Odont/o

Back 134

Tooth

Front 135

Or/o

Back 135

Mouth

Front 136

Palat/o

Back 136

Palate

Front 137

Pancreat/o

Back 137

Pancreas

Front 138

Peritone/o

Back 138

Peritoneum

Front 139

Pharyng/o

Back 139

Throat

Front 140

Proct/o

Back 140

Anus and rectum

Front 141

Pylor/o

Back 141

Pyloric sphincter

Front 142

Rect/o

Back 142

Rectum

Front 143

Sialaden/o

Back 143

Salivary gland

Front 144

Sigmoid/o

Back 144

Sigmoid colon

Front 145

Stomat/o

Back 145

Mouth

Front 146

Uvul/o

Back 146

Uvula

Front 147

Amly/o

Back 147

Starch

Front 148

Bil/i

Back 148

Gall, bile

Front 149

Bilirubin/o

Back 149

Bilirubin (bile pigment)

Front 150

Chol/e

Back 150

Gall, bile

Front 151

-ase

Back 151

Enzyme

Front 152

-chezia

Back 152

Defecation, elimination of waste

Front 153

-prandial

Back 153

Meal

Front 154

-iasis

Back 154

Abnormal condition

Front 155

Anorexia

Back 155

Lack of appetite

Front 156

Ascites

Back 156

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

Front 157

Borborygmus plural: borborygmus

Back 157

Rumbling or gurgling noise produced by the movement of gas fluid or both in the gastrointestinal tract

Front 158

Constipation

Back 158

Difficulty in passing stools

Front 159

Diarrhea

Back 159

Frequent passage of loose watery stool

Front 160

Dysphagia

Back 160

Difficulty in swallowing

Front 161

Eructation

Back 161

Gas expelled from the stomach through the mouth

Front 162

Flatus

Back 162

Gas expelled through the anus

Front 163

Hematochezia

Back 163

Passage of fresh bright red blood from the rectum

Front 164

Jaundice (icterus)

Back 164

Yellow orange coloration of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by high levels of bilirubin in the blood (hyperbilirubinemia)

Front 165

Melana

Back 165

Black tarry stools, feces containing digested blood

Front 166

Nausea

Back 166

Unpleasant sensation in the stomach associated with the tendency to vomit

Front 167

Steatorrhea

Back 167

Fat in the feces; frothy foul smelling fecal matter

Front 168

Aphthous stomatitis

Back 168

Inflammation of the mouth with small painful ulcers

Front 169

Dental caries

Back 169

Tooth decay

Front 170

Herpetic stomatitis

Back 170

Inflammation of the mouth caused by infection with the herpes virus

Front 171

Oral leukoplakia

Back 171

White plaques or patches on the mucosa of the mouth

Front 172

Periodontal disease

Back 172

Inflammation and degeneration of gums teeth and surrounding bone (gingivitis)

Front 173

Achalasia

Back 173

Failure of the lower esophagus sphincter muscle to relax

Front 174

Esophageal cancer

Back 174

Malignant tumor of the esophagus

Front 175

Esophageal varices

Back 175

Swollen varicose veins at the lower end of the esophagus

Front 176

Gastric cancer

Back 176

Malignant tumor of the stomach

Front 177

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Back 177

Solids and fluids return to the mouth from the stomach (heartburn)

Front 178

Hernia

Back 178

Protrusion of an organ or part through the tissues and muscles normally containing it

Front 179

Peptic ulcer

Back 179

Open sores in the lining of the stomach or duodenum

Front 180

Anal fistula

Back 180

Abnormal tube like passageway near the anus

Front 181

Colonic polyps

Back 181

Polyps (benign growths) protrude from the mucous membrane of the colon

Front 182

Colorectal cancer

Back 182

Adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum or both

Front 183

Crohn's disease

Back 183

Chronic inflammation of the intestinal tract

Front 184

Diverticulosis

Back 184

Abnormal outpouchings (diverticula) in the intestinal wall of the colon

Front 185

Dysentery

Back 185

Painful inflamed intestines commonly caused by bacterial infection

Front 186

Hemorrhoids

Back 186

Swollen twisted varicose veins in the rectal region

Front 187

Ileus

Back 187

Loss of peristalsis resulting obstruction of the intestines

Front 188

Inflammatory bowel disease

Back 188

Inflammation of the colon and small intestine

Front 189

Intussusception

Back 189

Telescoping of the intestines

Front 190

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Back 190

Group of GI symptoms (abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, constipation) but without abnormalities in the intestines

Front 191

Ulcerative colitis

Back 191

Chronic inflammation of the colon with presence of ulcers

Front 192

Volvulus

Back 192

Twisting of the intestine on itself

Front 193

Cholelithiasis

Back 193

Gall stones in the gallbladder

Front 194

Cirrhosis

Back 194

Chronic degenerative disease of the liver

Front 195

Celi/o

Back 195

Abdomen