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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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cell cycle
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pattern of growth, DNA replication, and division that occurs in eukaryotic cell
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mitosis
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process by which a cell divides its nucleus and contentscy
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cytokinesis
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process by which the cell cytoplasm divides
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chromosome
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long, continuous thread of DNA that consists of numerous genes and regulatory information
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histone
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protein that organizes chromosomes and around which DNA wraps
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chromatin
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loose combination of DNA and proteins that is present during interphase
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chromatid
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one half of a duplicated chromosome
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centromere
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region of condensed chromosome that looks pinched; where spindle fibers attach during meiosis and mitosis
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telomere
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repeating nucleotide at the ends of DNA molecules that do not form genes and help prevent loss of genes
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prophase
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first phase of mitosis when chromatin condensed, the nuclear envelope breaks down, the nucleolus disappears, and the centrosomes and centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell
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metaphase
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second phase of mitosis when spindle fibers align the chromosomes along the cell equator
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anaphase
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third phase of mitosis during which chromatids separate and are pulled to opposite sides of the cell
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telophase
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last phase of mitosis when a complete set of identical chromosomes is positioned at each pole of the cell, the nuclear membranes start to form, the chromosomes begin to uncoil, and the spindle fibers disassemble
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growth factor
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broad group of proteins that stimulate cell division
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apoptosis
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programmed cell death
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cancer
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common name for a class of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell division
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benign
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having no dangerous effect on health, especially referring to an abnormal growth of cells that are not cancerous
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malignant
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cancerous tumor in which cells break away and spread to other parts of the body, causing harm to the organisms health
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metastasize
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to spread by transferring a disease-causing agent from the site of the disease to other parts of the body
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carcinogen
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substance that produces or promotes the development of cancer
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asexual reproduction
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process by which offspring are produced from a single parent; does not involve the joining of gametes
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binary fission
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asexual reproduction in which a cell divides into 2 equal parts
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tissue
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group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
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tissue
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group of cells that work together to perform a similar function
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organ
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group of different types of tissues that work together to perform a specific function or related functions
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organ system
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2 or more organs that work in a coordinated way to carry out similar functions
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cell differentiation
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process by which unspecialized cells developed into their mature form and function
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stem cell
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cell that can divide for long periods of time while remaining undifferentiated
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