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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Values (Subjective/Personal Perspective) |
guiding principles of thought and behavior which has developed over time |
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Universal Values |
held by every human being
examples: freedom, money |
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Cultural Values |
what a culture values
example: food types |
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Personal Values |
basis of our morals when framed within a religious or spiritual framework |
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Morals |
placing value judgements on what is right and wrong |
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Kohlberg's Sequence of Moral Reasoning |
Levels:
Pre-conventional: obedience and punishment, individualism
Conventional: "good boy/girl", law and order
Post-conventional: social contract, principled conscience |
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Family Values |
used to discuss social and economic concepts pertaining to the family as a social institution |
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Homogamy |
the purposeful selection of mates from a pool that has similar characteristics; visible expression of family value sets (race, religion and social class) |
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Folbre's Definition of Family Values |
love, obligation and reciprocity |
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Political Platforms and Family Values |
no clear definition; allude to a loss or break down of the family system |
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External Concept of Family Values |
value and expectations that the larger social system places on the family have shifted through recent history --> tax systems favoring single adults would imply that society does not encourage or "value" family |
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Values across the Lifespan |
values develop slowly and are resistant to change
Instigators of Change:
-Experience -Cognitive development -Moral maturity -Generations
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Values across Generations |
children look to adult values expressed within their families for guidance |
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Attitudes |
learned predisposition to respond in a consistently favorable or unfavorable manner to any given object |
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Selective Interpretation |
actions carried out made sense when attitudes were right |
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Selective Memory |
information that supports ones attitudes to make it easier to accept than information that contradicts their existing attitudes |
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Behaviors |
choices made and actions taken by individuals and families |
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Connection between Attitude and Behavior |
-ones behavior can be predicted from intention -intentions can be predicted from one's attitude toward the behavior and one's perception of what others think one should do -attitude is a function of how one perceives the actions outcome will be received by others |
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Prediction of Behaviors |
attitudes should predict behavior |
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Dupont |
believed that actions are motivated by needs and values |
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Kurtines and Gewirtz |
added situation to the mix of factors that impact the connection between attitude and behavior |
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Bem's Self Perception Theory |
individuals bring their attitudes into alignment with their behaviors to save face |
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Dissonance Theory |
when someone acts in a way that causes discomfort or is inconsistent with their self-concept; person must bring behavior into alignment with attitudes |
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Ethics |
set of moral principles that exist in formal and unwritten modes |
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Brand Preference |
-thought of name brand products having good benefits -conspicious consumption -greater cost/promotions -suspectibility decreases with the greater level of internal values |
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Quality Preference |
-currently at high levels -assuming higher price tags= higher quality |
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Price Preference |
-pricing important in the decision making process |
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Design Preference |
-have moved beyond basic level and can now explore style, size, color, comfort -reflecting personal/group values -consumer demand is important
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VALS System |
buying based on personality; driven to purchase based on preferences and how to best enhance life |
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Ideals |
basing decisions on criteria such as quality, integrity and tradition |
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Achievement |
basing decisions based on anticipated acceptance or rejection of behaviors by members of group they belong to (wanting to show status) |
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Self Expression |
make choices on an emotional level; how you aim to look for others |
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Impact of Culture on Values |
-important to learn group values and maintain over time |
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Capitalism |
dynamic environment where one can rise and fall financially in short periods of time |
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Values (Economic Perspective) |
method of exchange and what we receive as a fair return |
