Chapter 5

Front 1

Gasohol:

Back 1

An automobile
fuel made
from grains.

Front 2

Creosote:

Back 2

A tarlike
substance that can
build up on the
walls of a chimney
when wood is
burned.

Front 3

Ethanol

Back 3

Ethyl
alcohol, sometimes
referred to as grain
alcohol.

Front 4

Fennentation:

Back 4

The
decomposition of
carbohydrates
found in plants
with the production
of carbon
dioxide (CO) and
acids.

Front 5

Methanol

Back 5

: A clean burning
liquid
used as fuel to
power vehicles. It
can be made from
nonrenewable
sources of energy,
such as coal, or
from renewable
sources of energy,
such as wood,
plants, and
manure. Methanol
produces more
energy than
ethanol, per
volume, and bums
more slowly than
gasoline.

Front 6

Bioconoersion:

Back 6

The
process that
produces energy
from the waste
products of our
society.

Front 7

Biomass:

Back 7

Waste
products that can
be used in bioconversion.
Examples
are organic material
(such as trees,
plants, grains, and
algae) and wastes
such as manure/
garbage, sewage,
and paper

Front 8

Waste-to-energy
plant:

Back 8

A plant that
shreds and burns
waste. The heat
energy is then used
to produce electricity
or for industrial
processes

Front 9

Overshot
waterwheel:

Back 9

A
water-wheel that
relies on an elevation
change and
makes use of the
weight of the
water, in addition
to the water's
force.

Front 10

undershot waterwheel

Back 10

A
waterwheel that
does not require a
significant elevation
change and
primarily makes
use of the force of
flowing tl'ater.

Front 11

Hvdroclectric
energy

Back 11

The use of
fl or't'ing r't'ater from
waterfalls and
dams to produce
electricit,v.

Front 12

Penstock

Back 12

A dam
tunnel through
which stored water
rushes to a water
turbine.

Front 13

Fish lift

Back 13

A giant
elevator-like device
installed on
dammed rivers to
help fish return
upstream during
sPawing season.

Front 14

Barrage

Back 14

A permanent
or floating
dam that seals a
natural bay in
order to use tidal
power.

Front 15

Tidal fence

Back 15

A
barrier intended to
prevent the power
of tides from
escaping back into
the ocean.

Front 16

Geothermal energy

Back 16

Heat from the
earth.

Front 17

Mantle

Back 17

Rock that
conducts heat
coming from the
earth's core.

Front 18

Magma

Back 18

Molten
rock located miles
beneath the earth's
surface.

Front 19

Heat pump

Back 19

An
application of the
use of geothermal
energy for residential
heating and
cooling. A system
of these pumps
consists of pipes
buried in the
shallow ground
and located near a
home. Water flows
through the pipes
and conducts heat
from the ground
for transfer into the
home.

Front 20

Hydrogen sulfide
gas

Back 20

Agas that
smells like rotten
eggs, found within
the steam of geothermal
energy
plants.

Front 21

Wind turbine

Back 21

A
propeller driven by
the wind and
connected to a
generator. The
wind makes it tum
the generatol,
which produces
electricify.

Front 22

Wind velocity
profile

Back 22

Data characterizing
the
number of
expected hours of a
given wind speed
for a particular
location.

Front 23

Nacelle:

Back 23

An enclosure
that houses
the gearbox, the
generator, and a
variety of equipment
necessary to
keep a wind
turbine properly
positioned into the
wind and spinning
at a safe speed.

Front 24

Hydrogen

Back 24

The first
and simplest
etrement on the
periodic table. It is
one of the most
conunon elements
in the galaxy.

Front 25

Pyrolysis

Back 25

Tlne
process of separating
the
hydrogen-oxygen
bond in water
using heat.

Front 26

Electrolysis

Back 26

The
process of separating
the
hydrogen-oxygen
bond in water
using an electrical
current.