Chapter 5

Front 1

When representatives of the seven colonies met to talk about relations with the Native Americans. They delegates also endorsed a proposal for a colonial federation, the Albany Plan of the Union, based on the ideas of Benjamin Franklin and Thomas Hutchinson.

Back 1

albany congress

Front 2

It happened on March 5, 1770 when an angry crowd of poor and working–class Bostonians protested a British soldier’s abusive treatment a few hours earlier of a Boston apprentice who was trying to collect a debt from the officer. Shots rang out, and as a result, four Bostonians lay dead, and seven more were wounded, one mortally.

Back 2

boston massacre

Front 3

Linked almost every interior community to Boston through a networks of dedicated activists. Members were responsible for exchanging information and coordinating measures to defend colonial rights.

Back 3

committee of correspondence

Front 4

A pamphlet written by Thomas Paine that advocated freedom from British rule.

Back 4

common sense

Front 5

Proposed by the Second Continental Congress, this document proclaimed independence of the Thirteen Colonies from British rule.

Back 5

decleration of independence

Front 6

This affirmed parliamentary power to legislate for the colonies “in all cases whatsoever”.

Back 6

declaratory act

Front 7

King of Great Britain from 1760–1820.

Back 7

george III

Front 8

American military leader and the first President of the United States (1789–1797). Commander of the American forces in the Revolutionary War (1775–1783), he presided over the Second Constitutional Convention (1787) and was elected President of the fledgling country (1789). He shunned partisan politics and in his farewell address (1796) warned against foreign involvement.

Back 8

george washington

Front 9

A series of laws that was made up of the Boston Port Bill, the Massachusetts Government Act, the Administration of Justice Act, the Quartering Act, plus the unrelated Quebec Act. Intended by the British Parliament to simply punish Massachusetts, the acts instead pushed most colonies to the brink of rebellion.

Back 9

intolerable acts

Front 10

In November 1775, Virginia’s governor, Lord Dunmore, promised freedom to any able–bodied male slave who enlisted in the cause of restoring royal authority.

Back 10

lord dun mores proclamation

Front 11

War between Virginians and the Shawnee and Mingo Indians in 1774. The two forces met at Point Pleasant on the Virginia side of the Ohio River, and the Indians were defeated. During the peace conference that followed, Virginia gained uncontested rights to lands south of the Ohio in exchange for its claims on the northern side.

Back 11

lord dunmores war

Front 12

A “loyal message” to King George III from the Second Continental Congress that presented three demands: a cease–fire at Boston, repeal of the Coercive Acts, and negotiations to establish guarantees of American rights.

Back 12

olive branch petition

Front 13

This was issued by George III to assert direct British control of land transaction, settlement, trade, and other activities of non–Indians west of the Proclamation line along the Appalachian crest.

Back 13

proclamation of 1763

Front 14

Also known as Townshend duties, it was passed in June and July 1767, and it taxed glass, paint, lead, paper, and team imported to the colonies from England.

Back 14

revenue act

Front 15

Groups that the Stamp Act and often rebelled by destroying the property of the elites.

Back 15

sons of liberty

Front 16

This obliged colonists to purchase and use special stamped (watermarked) paper for newspapers, customs documents, various licenses, college diplomas, and legal forms used for recovering debts, buying land, and making wills.

Back 16

stamp act

Front 17

This amended the Molasses Act of 1733. It reduced tax on molasses to three–pence per gallon.

Back 17

sugar act

Front 18

Eliminated all remaining import duties on tea entering England and thus lowered the selling price to customers.

Back 18

tea act