Chapter 5

Front 1

Olive Branch Petition

Back 1

What: was adopted by the Continental Congress in July 1775 in an attempt to avoid a full-blown war with Great Britain.
When: July 1775
Where: Colonial Britain
Historical Significance: The petition affirmed American loyalty to Great Britain and entreated the king to prevent further conflict. he petition was rejected, and in August 1775 the colonies were formally declared in rebellion by the Proclamation of Rebellion

Front 2

Prohibitory Act

Back 2

What: passed as a measure of retaliation by Great Britain against the general rebellion then going on in her American colonies, which became known as the American Revolutionary War
When: 1775
Where: Colonial Britain
Historical Significance: t declared and provided for a naval blockade against American ports.

Front 3

Northwest Ordinance

Back 3

was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States. The primary effect of the ordinance was the creation of the Northwest Territory as the first organized territory of the United States out of the region south of the Great Lakes, north and west of the Ohio River, and east of the Mississippi River. On August 7, 1789, the U.S. Congress affirmed the Ordinance with slight modifications under the Constitution.

Front 4

Common Sense

Back 4

What: a pamphlet written by Thomas Paine. Paine wrote and reasoned in a style that common people understood; forgoing the philosophy and Latin references used by Enlightenment era writers, Paine structured Common Sense like a sermon and relied on Biblical references to make his case to the people
When: 1776
Where: Colonial Britain
Historical Significance: presented the American colonists with a powerful argument for independence from British rule at a time when the question of independence was still undecided

Front 5

Declaration of Independence

Back 5

What: a statement adopted by the Continental Congress, which announced that the thirteen American colonies then at war with Great Britain were now independent states, and thus no longer a part of the British Empire.
When: July 4, 1776
Where: United States of America
Historical Significance: The Declaration justified the independence of the United States by listing colonial grievances against King George III, and by asserting certain natural rights, including a right of revolution.

Front 6

Ordinance of 1784

Back 6

alled for the land west of the Appalachian Mountains, north of the Ohio River and east of the Mississippi River to be divided into separate states.

Front 7

Thomas Jefferson

Back 7

principal author of the declaration of independence and the third president of the U.S. and one of the most influential founding father

Front 8

Hessians

Back 8

soldiers in the 18th century, used during the Revolution

Front 9

George Mason

Back 9

an American patriot, statesman, delegate from Virginia to the Convention, Father of the Bill Rights, and one of the founding fathers

Front 10

Continental Congress

Back 10

What: a convention of delegates from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution
When: 1774 to 1789 in three incarnations.
Where: Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Historical Significance: Convened in response to the Intolerable Acts passed by the British Parliament in 1774, the delegates organized an economic boycott of Great Britain in protest and petitioned the king for a redress of grievances.

Front 11

Women during War Time

Back 11

they stayed at home running their husband plantations, but some disguised themselves as men and fought in the war

Front 12

General Thomas Gage

Back 12

British general, famous during the American Revolution

Front 13

Abigail Adams

Back 13

was the wife of John Adams, who was the second President of the United States, and the mother of John Quincy Adams, the sixth. She was the first Second Lady of the United States, and the second First Lady of the United States.

Front 14

George Washington

Back 14

first president of the U.S.
dominant military and political leader
supporter of the Convention

Front 15

Lord Cornwallis

Back 15

was a British Army officer and colonial administrator. In the United States and United Kingdom he is best remembered as one of the leading British generals in the American War of Independence

Front 16

John Adams

Back 16

second president of the U.S.
also one of the most influential founding father

Front 17

Nathanael Greene

Back 17

was a major general of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War. he started from lowest rank ever to George Washington's most gifted and dependable officer

Front 18

John Jay

Back 18

second president of the U.S.
also one of the most influential founding father

Front 19

Treaty of Paris 1783

Back 19

signed on September 3, 1783, ratified by the Congress of the Confederation on January 14, 1784, and by the King of Great Britain on April 9, 1784

Front 20

Shay's Rebellion

Back 20

was an armed uprising in central and western Massachusetts from 1786 to 1787. The rebellion is named after Daniel Shays, a veteran of the American Revolution who led the rebels, known as "Shaysites" or "Regulators"

Front 21

Civic Virtue

Back 21

is the cultivation of habits of personal living that are claimed to be important for the success of the community

Front 22

Bunker Hill (battle)

Back 22

When: June 17, 1775
Where: Charlestown Peninsula on the North side of Boston Harbour. mostly on and around Breed's Hill
Historical Significance: British victory

Front 23

Articles of Confederation

Back 23

first constitution of the U.S.
stated how the national government should be operated