Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Physical process of moving gases in and out of lungs
|
Breathing/Ventilation
|
|
|
Molecules move from an area of greater concentration or pressure to an area of lower concentration or pressure
|
Diffusion
|
|
|
When oxygen attached to the hemogoblin molecules, they are called......
|
Oxyhemoglobin
|
|
|
Factors that affect the rate of oxygen transport from the lungs to the tissues are?
|
Cardiac Output
Number of Erythrocytes (RBCs) Exercise |
|
|
Blood carries Carbon Dioxide in several forms
|
1.) 65% in dissociated form (chemicaaly combines with water and forms into HCO3)
2.) 30% combines with hemogoblin 3.) 5% combines with water and transports as carbonic acid |
|
|
Part of the brain where the control of ventilation is located
|
Respiratory center located at the Reticular Formation
|
|
|
When does the chemosensitive center in the medulla oblangata react to?
|
Reacts when there is an increase in Carbon Dioxide or Hydrgoen Ion Concentration
|
|
|
What makes the Neuroreceptors in the carotid bodies and aortic bodies?
|
Decrease in Oxygen COncentration
|
|
|
Among all the 3 blood gases (Hydrogen, Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide, which stimulates respirations most strongly?
|
Carbon Dioxide
|
|
|
What are the defenses of the Respiratory System?
|
Cilia
Epiglottis Sneeze and Cough Mucous Membrane |
|
|
Normal Respiration Rate for Teen Years
|
15-20/Min
|
|
|
Normal Respiration Rate for Adult Years
|
12-20/min
|
|
|
Normal Respiration Rate for Older Adult
|
15-20/min
|
|
|
What is the nursing diagnosis for Toddler and Preschooler?
|
Risk for Aspiration Related to Putting things in the mouth
|
|
|
A physically fit athlete breathes ......
|
slower.
|
|
|
What is the best body position?
|
Upright position since it allows fullest lung expansion.
|
|
|
Why is it harder to breath using the supine position?
|
Abdominal contents press against the diaphragm
|
|
|
What is the stable FIO2 when breathing in room air?
|
Around 21%
|
|
|
At higher altitude, there is lower oxygen pressure. What does this mean to the oxygen content at this altitude?
|
Less Oxygen Available
|
|
|
What does air pollution do?
|
Interfere with oxygenation and prone for development of severe breathing problems
|
|
|
What does allergens/pollens to the respiratory system?
|
Cause inflammatory response which leads to tissue damage.
Can lead to bronspasms |
|
|
What does smoking cause?
|
Likely to acquire Emphysema, Chronic Bronchitis, Lung Cancer, Bladder Cancer, CV disease and oral cancer. Inhibit mucous removal.
Cause airway blockage, promote bacterial colonization and infection |
|
|
What drugs causes decrease in Respiratory rate?
|
Barbituates
Narcotics Sedatives |
|
|
How does alcohol affect the respiratory rate?
|
Alcohol depresses the system thus decreasing the resp rate
|
|
|
Who are at risk in terms of respiration/immune system due to nutrition?
|
Obesity (restrict lung capacity and oxygen demands) and alcoholics
|
|
|
What is Atelectasis?
|
Alveoli collapse
|
|
|
What are abnormal breath sounds from air passing through narrowed passageways?
|
Adventitious Breath Sounds
|
|
|
What is the absense of respiration?
|
Apnea
|
|
|
What is Apneustic Breathing
|
Prolonged Inspirations
|
|
|
What is Bradypnea?
|
Slow respirations; Usually 10 per min
|
|
|
What are Biot's respirations
|
Shallow Breaths interrupted by Apnea
|
|
|
What is a broncho-vesicular Breathing SOunds?
|
Normal Breathing Sounds; moderate-intensity and moderate pitched blowing of air moving through the bronchi.
|
|
|
Where can you hear the Broncho-vesicular Breathing Sounds?
|
Between the Scapula and Lateral to the Sternum at the 1st and 2nd intercostal space
|
|
|
What is Bronchial Breathing SOunds?
|
Normal Breathing Sounds, High pitched, harsh sounds created by air moving thru the trachea
|
|
|
What is the difference between the Bronchial Breathing Sound and Broncho-vesicular Breathing Sound?
|
The Bronchial sound is louder than the broncho-vesicular breathing sound.
|
|
|
What is vesicular Breathing Sounds?
|
Normal Breathing Sound, soft-intensity., low intensity, gentle sighing sounds created by air moving through the aveoli and bronchioles
|
|
|
What is Cyanosis?
|
Bluish discoloration of the skin, nailbeds, mucous membranes caused by lack of Oxygen/respiratory distress
|
|
|
What is the Chynes-Stokes Breathing?
|
Marked rythmic waxing and waning of respiration from very deep to very shallow breathing and temporary apnea
|
|
|
In what cases do you hear the Chynes-Stokes Breathing?
|
CHF, Increase intracranial pressure and drug overdose
|
|
|
What are crackles?
|
Fine, short interrupted cracling sounds
|
|
|
What is the cause of crackles?
|
Caused by air passing thru fluids or mucus in any air passage
|
|
|
Where is the crackles most commonly heard
|
Base of the lower lung lobes
|
|
|
What is Dyspnea?
|
Difficult or uncomfortable breathing
|
|
|
What are gurgles (rhonchi)?
|
Continuous, low pitched, coarse, gurgling, harsh, louder shounds with a moaning or snoring quality.
|
|
|
What is the costs of gurgles?
|
Air passing thru narrowed air passages as a reslt of secretions, swelling and tumors.
|
|
|
Where do you hear gurgles?
|
Most lung areas but predominately over the trachea and bronchi?
|
|
|
What is Eupnea?
|
Normal Breathing
|
|
|
What is Friction Rub?
|
Superficial grating or creaking sounds heard during inspiration and expiration
|
|
|
What is the cause of Friction rub?
|
Caused by rubbing together of inflamed pleural surfaces
|
|
|
Where can you hear the friction rub?
|
Heard most often in the areas of greater thoracic expansion
|
|
|
Whast is Hemoptysis?
|
Expectoration of blood or bloody sputum
|
|
|
What is Hypercarbia (Hyper Capnia)?
|
Increased Carbon Dioxide in Blood.
|
|
|
What is Hypoventilation?
|
Less often and not as deep breaths
|
|
|
What is Hypoxia?
|
Condion of insufficent oxygen anywhere ion the body, from the inspired gas to the tissues.
|
|
|
What is Kussmaul's breathing?
|
Body attempts to compensate for an acidic condition by blowing off the CO2 thru deep and rapid breathing
|
|
|
What is Orthopnea
|
Difficulty breathing except upright
|
|
|
What is SOB?
|
Shortness of Breath (being unable to get enough air)
|
|
|
What is Stridor
|
Harsh, high pitched, squeky musical sounds.
|
|
|
Where can Stridor be heard?
|
Heard in lower airway obstruction
|
|
|
Where can you hear a wheeze?
|
All over lung field
|
|
|
What is a wheeze?
|
Continous high pitched, squeky musical scores
|
|
|
How did the lungs sound like a wheeze?
|
Air passing through a constricted bronchus a result of secretions
|
|
|
What is a surfactant
|
Lipoprotein porduced by specialized alveolar cells
|
|
|
What is the surfactant for?
|
Reduced the surface tension of alveolar fluids
|
|
|
What is tachypnea
|
Rapid rate of breathing
|
|
|
When does tachypnea occur>
|
Fevers, metabolic acidosis, pain and with hypercapnia or hypoxemia
|
|
|
What is tidal volume?
|
Amount of air inspired and expired with each breath.
|
|
|
WHat is the normal tidal volume?
|
500 ml of air
|
|
|
What are the symptoms of early Hypoxia?
|
R (Restlessness)
A (Anxiety) T (Tachycardia/Tachypnea) |
|
|
What are the symptoms of late Hypoxia?
|
B (Bradycardia)
E (Extreme Restlessness) D (Dyspnea) |
|
|
How do you the Physical Examination of the lungs?
|
Inspection
Palpation Percussion Auscultation |
|
|
What do you determine when you inspect
|
Rate and Pattern of breaths
|
|
|
What do you determine when you Palpate?
|
Extent and pattern of thoracic expansion
|
|
|
What do you determine when you percuss?
|
Detect Fluid or consolidated areas
|
|
|
What do you determine when you Ausculate?
|
Determine Air movement
|
|
|
What are the diagnostic test and procedures?
|
Visulatizaiton Procedures, Pulmonary Function Tests, Sputum Culture, ABG Monitoring, Pulse Oximetry, Skin Tests
|
|
|
What is a Chest xray for?
|
To identify pathological changes in the lung fields
|
|
|
What does a Pulmonary function test measure?
|
Measures lung size and airway capacity
|
|
|
What does ABG monitoring show?
|
Accurate picture of gas exchange
|
|
|
What does pulse oximetry do?
|
Measures arterial blood oxygen saturation.
|
|
|
Why is skin tests important?
|
To identify allergies and sensativities to certain antigens or diseases
|
|
|
What is the nursing diaagnosis when one is unable to clear secretions or obstruction?
|
Ineffective Airway Clearance
|
|
|
What is the nursing diagnosis when one's inhalation or exhalation pattern doesn't allow adequate, pulmonary inflation or deflation
|
Ineffective breathing patters
|
|
|
When do you use Impaired Gas Exchage as a nursing diagnosis?
|
When there is a decreased passage of oxygen and/or Carbon disoxide between alveoli and vascular system
|
