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58 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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If their is protein in urine what does that indicate?
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glomerular problem
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About how many cc's can a bladder contain?
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600
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What is the normal amount of cc's voided at one time?
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300
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What is the typical 24hr total cc output?
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1500
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What does angiotension II do?
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VC and releases aldosterone from adrenal cortex
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What does angiotension III do?
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same as aldosterone
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What is the overall effect of renin?
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increased arterial blood pressure and renal blood flow
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Because CRF patient doesn't have the active form of Vit D what is the result?
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can't absorb calcium and therefore bones become thin
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The CRF patient is often anemic. Y?
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they don't produce erythropoeitin
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What parts of the brain supresses going pee?
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cerebral cortex, thalamus hypothalamus, brain stem
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If the spinal cord is damaged above the sacral region what is the result?
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reflex bladder - dribbling
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What are the diseases that cause lesions of peripheral nerves to the bladder?
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diabetic mellitus and multiple sclerosis
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What are some diseases that hinder physical activity of voiding?
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arthritis, degenerative joint disease and Parkinson
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what happens during end stage renal disease?
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uremic syndrome
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What is peritoneal dialysis?
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a solution is instilled into the peritoneal cavity and drains out wastes and excess fluid and electrolytes by gravity
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What is hemodialysis?
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wastes are extracted by a machine
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What color does pyridium turn urine?
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bright orange
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What is the difference between upper and lower urinary tract infection?
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upper: urosepsis, flank pain, tenderness
lower: nausea, vomiting, malaise, hematuria |
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What is functional incontinence?
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urge to void that causes loss of urine before reaching appropriate receptacle
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What is stress incontinence?
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loss of urine with increased intraabdominal pressure (coughing, laughing)
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What is urge incontinence?
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urinary urgency (more than every 2 hours)
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What is mixed incontinence?
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combination of urge and stress symptoms
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What is reflex incontinence?
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lack of urge to void, unawareness of bladder filling, reflex emptying when certain volume reached
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What is an intervention that can be used for reflex incontinence?
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catheterization
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What is an intervention that can be used for functional incontinence?
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clothing modifications, scheduled toileting, absorbent products, environmental alterations
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What are some interventions for stress incontinence?
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pelvic floor exercises, surgical, absorbent products
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What are some interventions for urge incontinence?
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absorbent products, lifestyle changes, bladder retraining
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When purcussing a full bladder what does it sound like?
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dull
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How do you test for kidney infection?
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put your fist on their kidney and fist bump, if their is pain then that should indicate kidney infection
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How do you auscultate for the urinary system?
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listen over the renal artery - hear the whooshing sound with indicates increased BP
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What is the difference between medical and surgical asepsis?
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medical: clean
surgical: sterile |
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What is asepsis?
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absence of organisms
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What is the most common bacteria in the medical workplace?
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E coli
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When assessing urinary problems, what questions do you ask?
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nature of the problem, signs and symptoms, onset and duration, severity, predisposing factors, and effect on client
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what is the proper pH for urine?
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4.6-8.0
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What should the specific gravity of urine be?
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1.0053-1.030
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What are the three most common particles in urine that are typically absent that indicate toward a UTI?
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WBC, nitrates, and proteins
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What is dysuria?
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painful or difficult urination
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What is oliguria?
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diminished urinary output relative to intake (usually 400ml/24hr)
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What is residual urine?
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volume of urine remaining after voiding (greater than 100ml)
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How many cc's are in an oz?
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29.6
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How many cc's should a patient have a day?
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2000
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What does it mean if a patient is on Keflex?
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they are on antibiotics
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How do you get a sterile urine specimen?
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from a catheter
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On which types of tests do you have to know if the patient has a shellfish allergy?
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IVP and a renal arteriogram
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What are the non invasive diagnostic examination?
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X-ray, IVP, renal scan, computerized axial tomography
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What are the invasive diagnostic examinations?
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endoscopy, angiography, and urodynamic testing
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If you have casts in your urine what does it typically indicate?
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a disease
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What is the purpose of an IVP?
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outline urinary system
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How do they do an IVP?
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iodine IV injection
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What is the function of a renal ultrasound?
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identify gross renal strucutres
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What is the function of an abdominal roentgenogram?
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determine the size, shape, symmetry, and location of kidneys
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What is the function of a CT scan?
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detailed images of the urinary system and the surrounding structures
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What is the function of a urodynamic test?
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determine bladder muscle function and determine reasons for incontinence
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What is the function of and endoscopy?
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direct visualization of the bladder
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What is the function of and angiography?
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visualizes the renal arteries and their branches
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When giving a nursing diagnosis what three things do you need to include?
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problem, reason for problem, symptoms
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How often do you clean a catheter?
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3xs a day or more
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