Chapter 4/5: Ap World History

Front 1

Cyrus

Back 1

The son of a Persian chieftain and a Median princess.

He united the various Persian tribes and overthrew the Median Monarch

Front 2

Darius I

Back 2

Extended Persian control eastward and westward.

Made an empire that was the largest yet.

Front 3

satrap

Back 3

A governer of one of the twenty provinces in Persia.

These governers had the responsibility of a king.

Front 4

Persepolis

Back 4

Persepolis Treasury and Fortificaton Texts show that government officials distribuuted food and other essential commodities to workers.

It was helping out individuals.

Front 5

Zoroastrianism

Back 5

A religion whose god was Ahuramazda. This god supposedly chose Darius to be king.

This was one of the great religions of the ancient world.

Front 6

polis

Back 6

City-state consisted of and urban center and the rural territory that it controlled.

Each city-state was like its own country.

Front 7

hoplite

Back 7

Heavily armored infantrymen who fought in close formation.

This was a new and effective kind of warfare tactic.

Front 8

tyrant

Back 8

A person who seized and held power in violation of the normal political institutions.

They were often ambitious members of the aristocracy.

Front 9

democracy

Back 9

The exercise of political power by all free adult males.

People could vote on the laws.

Front 10

sacrifice

Back 10

They would give food or sometimes killed animals and burn body parts.

It was the central ritual of the Greek religion.

Front 11

Herodotus

Back 11

A writer who published a book called Histories.

He was one of the few writers.

Front 12

Pericles

Back 12

He and his political allies took the last steps in the evolution of Athenian domocracy.

During his rule Greek was considered to be in a golden age.

Front 13

Persian Wars

Back 13

A series of wars between the Persians and Greeks.

The Persians never gained a foothold in Greece.

Front 14

trireme

Back 14

a sleek fast vessel powered by 170 rowers.

The Athenians had mastered navel technology.

Front 15

Socrates

Back 15

A philosopher who was on trial and disposed of the charges.

He used the Socratic method.

Front 16

Peloponnesian War

Back 16

A war between the Athenian and Spartan alliance system.

It was a war unlike any previous Greek war becausethe Athenians used their naval power to insulate themselves from the dangers of an attack by land.

Front 17

Alexander

Back 17

He defeated the Persian forces of King Darius III

He maintained the framework of Persian administration in the lands he conquered.

Front 18

Hellenistic Age

Back 18

powerfully influenced by Greek culture.

It was the rise of Archaic and Classical Greece.

Front 19

Ptolemies

Back 19

The dynasty ruled Egypt.

They were able to take over much of the administrative structure of the pharoahs.

Front 20

Alexandria

Back 20

The first of the new cities laid out by Alexander.

It was a link between Egypt and the Mediterranean world.

Front 21

Roman Republic

Back 21

not a democracy Sovereign power resided in several assmblies.

The type of government Rome had.

Front 22

Roman Senate

Back 22

The real center of power.

An advisory council.

Front 23

patron/client relationship

Back 23

bound together individuals and families.

they were complex ties of obligation.

Front 24

Roman Principate

Back 24

The period following the Roman Republic.

Octavian took over and tured it into the principate.

Front 25

Agustus

Back 25

one of the many honorific titles that the Roman Senate gave Octavian

connotes prosperity and piety

Front 26

equites

Back 26

the class of well-to-do Italian merchants.

Became the core of a new civil service that helped run the roman empire

Front 27

pax romana

Back 27

Roman peace

the safety and stability guaranteed by Roman might.

Front 28

Romanization

Back 28

the spread of the Latin language and roman way of life

one of the greatest consequences of the Roman empire.

Front 29

Jesus

Back 29

a young carpenter from the Galilee region inb northern Esrael.

Supposedly God's son who was offended by the Jewish religious and political leaders.

Front 30

Paul

Back 30

a Jew from the city of Tarsus in the southeast Anatolia

He spread the word around about the new creed

Front 31

aqueduct

Back 31

long elevated or underground conduits

carried water from a source to an urban center

Front 32

third-century crisis

Back 32

a period when political, military, and economic problems beset and nearly destroyed the Roman Empire.

A crisis that almost destroyed the huge Roman Empire.

Front 33

Constantine

Back 33

A soldier who battled for the throne.

he reunited the entire empire and spread christianity.

Front 34

Byzantine Empire

Back 34

an empire made by Constantine

a city studded with churces and christianity.

Front 35

Qin

Back 35

state of the Wei valley

rapidly conquered its rivals and created china's first empire.

Front 36

Shi Huangdi

Back 36

the founder of the Qin empire

he made the Qin empire and then died.

Front 37

Han

Back 37

A new dynasty which ruled from 206 B.C.E - 220 C.E.

This began the imperial China

Front 38

Chang'an

Back 38

A great fortification.

became a model of urban planing and its main features were imitated in the cities and towns.

Front 39

gentry

Back 39

the class next in wealth below the aristocrats

the Qin and Han emperors allied themselves with the gentry.