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41 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What is Interstitial Fluid?

found between cells, bathes the cell and allows for diffusion of oxygen, nutrients, and wastes.

What are the 3 important parts of the circulatory system?

1. Blood --> carries material throughout the body


2. Heart --> pumps the blood


3. Vessels --> a space for blood to circulate

What is an open system?

1. The heart pumps blood into vessels with open ends

What is hemolymph?

What blood and interstitial fluid are referred to in an open system

What organisms have open circulatory systems?

1. Arthropods and mollusks

What is a closed circulatory system?

blood flows through a continuous circuit of vessels

What do capillaries do?

they permit the iffusion of gases, wastes, and nutrients between the blood in the vessel and the interstitial fluid that bathes the cells

what organisms have closed circulatory systems?

1. annelids


2. Echinoderms


3. Vertebrates

What are the main functions of the Circulatory system?

1. Carry nutrients from the digestive system


2. Carry oxygen from respiratory system


3. Carry Metabolic wastes to excretory organs


4. Transport hormones from endocrine glands


5. Defends the body against invading microorganism


6. Distribution of body heat

What is the blood composition?

92% water


7% Proteins


Various salts, gases, hormones, nutrients, wastes

What cells make up blood?

Red blood cells


White blood cells


Platelets


Ratio of RBCs:platelets: WBCs 600:40:1

What are the three types of Granular Leukocytes?

1. Eosinophils


2. Basophil


3. Neutrophil

What do Eosinophils do?

contain enzymes that break down parasites

What do basophils contain?

Histamine and Heparin

What do Neutrophils do?

phagocytic cells that eat bacteria or clean up after injury or infection

What are the two types of Agranular Leukocytes?

1. Lymphocytes


2. monocytes

What do lymphocytes do?

carry out immune responses by producing antibodies or directly attacking foreign invaders

What do monocytes do?

migrate into tissues where they become macrophages or dendritic cells

What is hemoglobin?

binds to oxygen and also gives blood its characteristic red color

What happens to a Red blood cell after it dies?

they die in the spleen and are broken down in the liver

How are RBC produced?

Kidneys release a hormone called erythropoietin, which stimulate the production of RBCs in the red bone marrow

What are platelets?

1.small, anucleated cells that function in blood clotting


2. These cells are pinched off from large cells in bone marrow


3. Fragments of cytoplasm enclosed by the membrane

What are the steps in blood clotting?

1. Blood vessel injury


2. Damaged cells and platelets released substances that activates clotting factors and attract other platelets


3. Platelets become sticky and form a temporary plug


4. The clotting factor prothrombin is converted to thrombin


5. Thrombin then catalyzes the conversion the soluble plasma protein fibrinogen to an insoluble protein called fibrin


6. Fibrin forms long threads that form the webbing of the clot


What is the flow of blood?

Heart-->Arteries --> Arterioles --> Capillaries --> Venules --> Veins --> Heart

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

1. Tunica intima


2. Tunica media


3. Tunica adventitia

What is the Tunica intima?

consists of endothelium tissue that resembles simple squamous epithelium

What is Tunica Media?

mostly smooth muscle and some connective tissue

What is tunica adventitia?

outer most layer of the blood vess containing Connective tissue with collagen and elastic fibers

What are Metarterioles?

vessels that directly link arterioles to venules

What are sphincters and what do they do?

1. smooth muscle cells


2. open and close to regulate the blood supply to a tissue

What side of the heart contains deoxygenated blood?

Right side

What side of the heart contains oxygenated blood?

Left side

What are the two divisions on each side?

Atria and ventricle

What does the Atria do?

collects blood

What does the ventricles do?

pump blood

What is the septum?

a wall that separates right and left atria and ventricles

What are the 4 valves in the heart

1. tricuspid valve


2. Mitral or bicuspid valve


3. pulmonary semilunar valve


4. Aortic semilunar valve

where is the tricuspid valve found?

between right atrium and right ventricle

Where is the bicuspid valve found?

between the left atrium and left ventricle

Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve found?

between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

Where is the Aortic semilunar valve found?

between the left ventricle and the aorta