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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the ability to maintain physiologically favorable internal environment even as external conditions undergo dramatic changes
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Homeostasis
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Maintaining body temp within a tolerable range
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Thermoregulation
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regulating solute balance and the gain and loss of water
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osmoregulation
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the removal of N containing wast products of metabolism such as urea
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Excretion
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Animal use to dryer environments loss less water due to ___ but more with___
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urine
evaportaion |
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Water balance and waste diposal depend on
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transport epithelia
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An animal's nitrogenous wastes are correlated with its
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development and habitat
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As a result of eating protiens
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nitrgenous waste occur
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.3 types on N-waste
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Urea, uric acid, and ammonnia
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Type of waste depends on ______ and _____
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habitat of animal (amount of water)
mode of reproduction |
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Ammonia
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Toxic
Needs lots of water Take little E to make it Animal: fish |
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Urea
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Low toxicity
Can be sored in High [ ] take E to make it Mammals, most amphibians, some bony fish |
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uric acid
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low toxicity
insoluble saves water takes a lot of E Birds, and many reptiles |
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What does the excretory system do
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Disposes metabolic wastes
Adjust to the rates of loss of particular solutes to control body fluid composition Produce Urine |
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4 steps of excretory system
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filtration
reabsorption secretion excretion |
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Nephron that extents into the medulla
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Juxtamedullary nephrons
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Nephron that only lies in the cortex
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cortical nephron
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middle kidney
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medula
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Outer kidney
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cortex
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inner kidney
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pelivis
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Form the renal pelvis urine goes into the
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ureter
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Leaks out fitrat (where the initial filtrate comes from)
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Glomerulus
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Surrounds the glomerous and collects its leaks
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Bowmen's Capsule
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Filtrate includes
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Salt
Vitamins Amino Acids Nutrients glucose |
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in which water and sodium are both excreted out at the same rate in which the osmolarity does not change Intial
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Proximal tubule
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Constant pH in the proximal tubule is controlled by
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secretions of hydrogen ions or ammonia
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the proximal tubules reabsorb about % bicarbonate
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90
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reabsorbs most of the NaCl and water from the
intial filtrate volume |
Proximal tubule
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(in NaCl) Epithelial cells actively transport ____ and
passively transports ___ |
Na+ Cl-
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Wall is only permiable to H2O
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Decending loop of Aorta
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is permiable to salt not water
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Ascending Limb
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Fitrate becomes more dilute in the
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Ascending limb
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Fitrate becomes less dilute in the
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Descending limb and the Collecting Duct
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Fitrate [ ] is unchanged
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Proximal and Distal Tubule
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Vessels of the nephron
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Vasa Recta
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Plays a key role in the amount of NaCl and K+ secreted
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Distol
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Plays a large role in the amount of salt in the urine
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Collecting tubule
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