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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Types of Loss |
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Actual Loss |
Recognized by others |
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Perceived |
Experienced by one person but cannot be verified by others Ex. Woman leaves job to care for her child |
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•Anticipatory |
–Experiencedbefore loss occurs –Canbe actual or perceive Ex. Wife's whose husband is dying may be experiencing actual loss in the anticipation of his death |
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Situational Loss |
–i.e.,Loss of job, death of child, loss of functional ability due to illness |
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•Developmental Loss |
–i.e., Departure of children from home, loss of independence due to aging, retirement, death of aged parents |
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Loss |
an actual or potential situation in which something that is valued is changed or no longer available |
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Sources of Loss |
•Aspectself (body image) •Externalobjects (loss money, House burnt in fire; death of a pet) •Familiarenvironment (HS graduate leaves home for school, feels a source of loss) •Lovedones (b/c of illness, divorce, death, or a disease like Alzheimer's disease, etc.) |
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Grief |
-The total response to the emotional experience related to loss -It is manifested in thoughts, feelings and behaviors assoc. w/ overwhelming distress or sorrow |
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Bereavement |
The subjective response experienced by the surviving loved ones |
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Mourning |
The behavioral process through which grief is eventually resolved or altered (influenced by culture, spiritual beliefs, and custom) |
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Anticipatory grief |
experienced in advance of the event |
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Complicated or Pathologic Grief (aka- unhealthy grief) |
Exists when the strategies to cope w/ the loss are maladaptive and out of proportion or inconsistent w/ cultural, religious, or age appropriate norms -Ineffective grieving |
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Kubler-Ross Stages of Grieving |
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Engel's Stages of Grieving |
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Sander's Stages of Grieving |
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Factors Influencing the Loss and Grief Responses |
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NANADA labels for Dx |
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Nurse's Role facilitating Grief Work |
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"Normal" manifestations of grief |
-Verbalization of loss -Crying -Sleep disturbance -Loss of appetite -Difficulty concentrating |
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Manifestations of "Complicated" Grief |
-Extended time of denial -Depression -Severe physiologic symptoms -Suicidal thoughts |
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Signs of Death |
Cessation of
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World Medical Assembly Guidelines for Death |
•Totallack of response to external stimuli •Nomuscular movement, especially during breathing •Noreflexes •Flatencephalogram •Ininstances of artificial support, absence of brain waves for at least 24 hours |
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Cerebral Death |
•Occurswhen cerebral cortex is irreversibly destroyed •Permanentloss of cerebral and brainstem function –Absenceof responsiveness to external stimuli –Absenceof cephalic reflexes –Apnea •IsoelectricEEG for at least 30 minutes in the absence of hypothermia and poisoning by CNSdepressants |
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3 types of Awareness |
•Threetypes of awareness –Closedawareness Client not aware of impending death –Mutualpretense Client, family, and health personnel knowthe prognosis is terminal but do not talk about it –Openawareness Client and others know about theimpending death and feel comfortable discussing it |
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Impending Clinical Death |
•Lossof muscle tone •Slowingof the circulation •Changesin respirations •Sensoryimpairment |
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Dx: -CLIENT |
–Fear –Hopelessness –Powerlessness |
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Dx: Caregivier |
–Riskfor Caregiver Role Strain –InterruptedFamily Processes |
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Palliative Care strategies |
•Identifypersonal feelings about death •Focuson client’s needs •Talkto the client or family about how the client usually copes with stress •Establishcommunication relationship•Determinewhat client knows about illness•Respondwith honesty and directness •Maketime to be available |