Chapter 41 Vocabulary Life 103

Front 1

herbivores

Back 1

A heterotrophic animal that eats plants

Front 2

Carnivores

Back 2

An animal that eats other animals

Front 3

Omnivores

Back 3

A heterotrophic animal that eats both meat and plant material

Front 4

Bulk Feeders

Back 4

An animal that eats realitively large peices of food

Front 5

Suspension Feeders

Back 5

An aquatic animal that sifts food particles from the water

Front 6

Substrate Feeders

Back 6

an organism that lives in or on its food source

Front 7

Fluid Feeders

Back 7

An animal that lives by sucking the nutrient-rich fluids from another living Organism

Front 8

Undernourished

Back 8

A diet that is chronically deficient in calories

Front 9

Overnourishment

Back 9

A diet that is chronically excessive in calories

Front 10

Essential Nutrients

Back 10

A substance that the organism must absorb in the preassembled form because it cannot be synthesized from any other material.

Front 11

Malnuourished

Back 11

Reffering to an animals diet whose diet is missing one or more essential nutrients

Front 12

Essential Amino Acids

Back 12

An ammino acid that the human body cannot sythesise itself and must be obtained from food. 8 total

Front 13

Digestion

Back 13

The process of breaking dowm food into molecules small enough for the body to absorb

Front 14

enzymatic Hydrolysis

Back 14

A process of digestion that splits macromolecules from food by the enzymatic addition of water

Front 15

Absorption

Back 15

The uptake of small nutrient mollecules by the organisms own body

Front 16

elimination

Back 16

Passing of undigested material out of the digestive compartment

Front 17

intercellular digestion

Back 17

The joining of food vacuols and lysosomes to allow chemical digestion to occur within the cytoplasm of a cell

Front 18

extracellular digestion

Back 18

The breakdown of food outside of the cell

Front 19

Gastrovascular Cavity

Back 19

An extensive pouch that serves as the site of extracellular digestion and a passage way to dispurse materials throughout most of an animals body

Front 20

complete digestion track
aka. Alimentary canal

Back 20

A digestive tract consisting of a tube running between the mouth and anusA

Front 21

Peristalsis

Back 21

1. Rythumic waves of contraction of smooth muscle, that move food through the digestive tract
2. A type of movement on land produced by rhythmic waves of muscle contractions passing from front to back, as in many annelids

Front 22

sphincters

Back 22

A ringlike valve consisting of modified muscles in a muscular tub, such as the digestive tract; closes off the tube lie a draw string

Front 23

Salivarary Glands

Back 23

Endocrine glands accociated with the oral cavity. The secretions of salvitory glands contain substances to lubricate food, adhere together chewed peices into bolus, and begin the process of chemical digestion

Front 24

Pancreas

Back 24

A gland with dual functions; The non-endocrine portein secretes digestive enzyme an an alkaline solution into the small intestine via a duct.; the endocrine portion secretes the hormone insulin and glucagon

Front 25

Liver

Back 25

The largest organ in the vertabrate body. The live performs diverse functions, such as producing bile, preparing nitrogenous wastes for disposals and detoxifying poisonous chemicals in the blood.

Front 26

Gallbladder

Back 26

An organ that releases bile as needed into the small intestine

Front 27

Oral Cavity

Back 27

The mouth of an animal

Front 28

Salivary Amylase

Back 28

A salvitory gland enzyme that hydrolyzes starch and glycogen.

Front 29

Bolus

Back 29

A lubricated ball of chewed food

Front 30

Pharynx

Back 30

An area in the vertebrate throat where food and air passages cross; in flatworms, the muscle tube that protrudes from the ventral side of the worm and ends in the mouth

Front 31

Esophagus

Back 31

A channel that conducts food by peristalsis, from the pharynx to the stomach

Front 32

Stomach

Back 32

An organ of the digestive system that stores food and preforms preliminary steps of digestion

Front 33

Gastric Juices

Back 33

A digestive fluid secreted by the stomach

Front 34

Pepsin

Back 34

An enzyme present in gastric juices that begins the hydrolysis of proteins =.

Front 35

Pepsinogen

Back 35

The inactive form of pepsin that is first secreted by specialized (cheif) cells located in gastric pits of the stomach

Front 36

Acid Chyme

Back 36

Mixture of recently swallowed food and gastric juices

Front 37

Pyloric Sphincter

Back 37

In the vertebrate digestive tract, a muscular ring that regulates the passage of food out of the stomach and into the small intestine

Front 38

Small intestine

Back 38

The longest section of the alimentary canal; the principle site of the enzymatic hydrolysis of food macromolecules and the absorption of nutrients

Front 39

Duodenum

Back 39

The first section of the small intestine, where acid chyme from the stomach mixes with digestive juices from the pancreas, and gland cells of the intestinal wall

Front 40

Villus

Back 40

a finger like projection of the inner surface of the small intestine.
2. A fingerlike projection of the chorion of the mammalian placenta. Large numbers of viili increase the surface areas of these organs

Front 41

Vitamins

Back 41

An organic molecule required in the diet in very small amounts. Vitamins serve primarily as coenzymes or parts of co enzymes

Front 42

essential fatty acids

Back 42

Certain unsaturated fatty acids that animals cannot make

Front 43

Minerals

Back 43

in nutrition, a chemical element other that H, O or N that an organism requires for proper body functioning

Front 44

microvillus

Back 44

one of many fine, finger like projectors of the epithelium cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increases its surface area

Front 45

lacteal

Back 45

A tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons

Front 46

chylomicrons

Back 46

One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed with cholesterol and coated with special proteins.

Front 47

hepatic Portal Vein

Back 47

A large circulatory channel that conveys nutrients-laden blood from the small intestine to the liver, which regulates the blood's nutrient content

Front 48

cecum

Back 48

A blind outer pocket of a hollow organ such as the intestine

Front 49

appendix

Back 49

A small finger like projection of the cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity

Front 50

feces

Back 50

Waste of the digestive tract

Front 51

Vitamins

Back 51

An organic molecule required in the diet in very small amounts. Vitamins serve primarily as coenzymes or parts of co enzymes

Front 52

essential fatty acids

Back 52

Certain unsaturated fatty acids that animals cannot make

Front 53

Minerals

Back 53

in nutrition, a chemical element other that H, O or N that an organism requires for proper body functioning

Front 54

microvillus

Back 54

one of many fine, finger like projectors of the epithelium cells in the lumen of the small intestine that increases its surface area

Front 55

lacteal

Back 55

A tiny lymph vessel extending into the core of an intestinal villus and serving as the destination for absorbed chylomicrons

Front 56

chylomicrons

Back 56

One of the small intracellular globules composed of fats that are mixed with cholesterol and coated with special proteins.

Front 57

hepatic Portal Vein

Back 57

A large circulatory channel that conveys nutrients-laden blood from the small intestine to the liver, which regulates the blood's nutrient content

Front 58

cecum

Back 58

A blind outer pocket of a hollow organ such as the intestine

Front 59

appendix

Back 59

A small finger like projection of the cecum; contains a mass of white blood cells that contribute to immunity

Front 60

feces

Back 60

Waste of the digestive tract

Front 61

rectum

Back 61

Terminal portion of the large intestine where the feces are stored until they are eliminated

Front 62

Ruminants

Back 62

An animal such as a cow or sheep with an elaborate, multicompartmentalized stomach specialized for an herbivorous die.