Chapter 41: Fluid, Electrolyte, And Acid-Base Balance

Front 1

1. Body fluids are distributed in two distinct compartments.
Extracellular

Back 1

comprises all fluid within the cells of the body (42% of body weight)

Front 2

1. Body fluids are distributed in two distinct compartments.
Intracellular

Back 2

is the fluid outside the cell (interstitial, intravascular, and transcellular fluid)

Front 3

2. Cations

Back 3

positively charged electrolytes (sodium, potassium, and calcium)

Front 4

3. Anions

Back 4

negatively charged electrolytes (chloride, bicarbonate, and sulfate)

Front 5

4. mmol/L

Back 5

represents the number of milligrams of the electrolyte divided by its molecular weight that are contained in 1 L of the fluid.

Front 6

5. Osmosis

Back 6

involves the movement of a pure solvent across a semipermeable membrane from an area of lesser solute concentration to an area of greater solute concentration

Front 7

6. Osmotic Pressure

Back 7

is the drawing power of water and depends on the number of molecules in solution

Front 8

7. Osmolality

Back 8

the osmotic pressure of a solution

Front 9

8. Isotonic Solution

Back 9

another term that describes the concentration of solution

Front 10

9. Hypertonic Solution

Back 10

the solutions on both sides of the semipermeable membrane are equal in concentration (expand the body’s fluid volume without causing a fluid shift from one compartment to another)

Front 11

10. Hypotonic solution

Back 11

a solution of higher osmotic pressure (pulls fluid from cells, causing them to shrink)

Front 12

11. Diffusion

Back 12

a solution of lower osmotic pressure (moves fluids into the cells, causing them to enlarge)

Front 13

12. Filtration

Back 13

random movement of a solute in a solution across a semipermeable membrane from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration

Front 14

13. List the three processes that maintain fluid homeostasis

Back 14

Fluid intake
Hormonal controls
Fluid output

Front 15

14. Define how ADH regulates fluid balance

Back 15

is stored in the pituitary gland and is released in response to changes in the blood osmolality. ADH regulates the osmolality of the body fluids by influencing how much water is excreted. The release of ADH decreases if body fluids become too dilute, which allows more water to be excreted in the urine.

Front 16

5. Changes in renal perfusion initiate the renin-angiotension-aldosterone mechanism
Angiotension I

Back 16

causes vasoconstriction

Front 17

5. Changes in renal perfusion initiate the renin-angiotension-aldosterone mechanism
Angiotension II

Back 17

massive selective vasoconstriction of blood vessels; relocates blood flow to kidneys and stimulates the release of aldosterone (when the sodium is low)

Front 18

c. Aldosterone

Back 18

adrenal cortex releases in response to increased plasma potassium levels

Front 19

16. What is atrial natriuretic

Back 19

plays a critical role in the balance of fluid and electrolytes and the maintenance of vascular tone