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59 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Epithelial Tissue
sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities
Glandular
An epithelial that absorbs or secreates chemical solution
Mucous Membrane
smooth moist epithelium tat lines the digestive tract and air tubes leading to the lungs
Simple Epithelium
epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells that all touch the basal lamina
Stratified Epithelium
An epithelium consissting of more than one layer of cells in which some but not all cells touch the basal lamina
Cuboidial
The cubic shape of a type of cell
Columnar
the column shape of a type of epithelial cell
Squamous
The flat, tile-like shape of a epithelial cell
Collagenous Fibers
a tough fiber of the extracellular matrix. Collagenous fibers are made of collogen, are non-elastic, and do not tear easily when oulled lengthwise
Ellastic fibers
Along thread of the protine elastin. Elastin fibers provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that compliments the nonelastic strenth of collagenous fibers
Reticuluar Fibers
A very thin and branched fiber made of collogen. Reticular fibers from tightly woven fabrics that is continuous with the collagenous fibers of the extracellular membrane
Fibroblast
A type of cell in loose connective tissue that secretes the protein ingredients of the extracellular fibers.
Macrophages
A phagoctic cell present in many tissues that function in innate immunity by destroying microbes and in acquiring immunity as in antigenpresenting cell
Muscle Tissue
Tissue consisting of long muscle cells that are capable of contracting when stimulated by nerve impulses
Nervous Tissue
Tissue made up of neurons and supportive cells
Organs
A specialized center of body function composed of several different types of tissue
Mesenteries
A membrane that suspends many of the organs of vertebrates inside fluid-filled body cavities
Thoracic Cavity
A body cavity in animals that houses the lungs and heart It is surrounded in part by the ribs and and separated by the lower abdominal cavity by the diaphragm.
Abdominal Cavity
The body cavity in mammals that primarily houses parts of the digestive, excretory, and reproductive systems. It is separated from the thoracic cavity by the diaphragm
Organ system
A group of organs that work together in performing vital body function
Epithelial Tissue
sheets of tightly packed cells that line organs and body cavities
Glandular
An epithelial that absorbs or secreates chemical solution
Mucous Membrane
smooth moist epithelium tat lines the digestive tract and air tubes leading to the lungs
Simple Epithelium
epithelium consisting of a single layer of cells that all touch the basal lamina
Stratified Epithelium
An epithelium consissting of more than one layer of cells in which some but not all cells touch the basal lamina
Cuboidial
The cubic shape of a type of cell
Columnar
the column shape of a type of epithelial cell
Squamous
The flat, tile-like shape of a epithelial cell
Collagenous Fibers
a tough fiber of the extracellular matrix. Collagenous fibers are made of collogen, are non-elastic, and do not tear easily when oulled lengthwise
Ellastic fibers
Along thread of the protine elastin. Elastin fibers provide a rubbery quality to the extracellular matrix that compliments the nonelastic strenth of collagenous fibers
Mucosa
Epitheral layer that lines the lumen
submucosa
a matrix of connective tissue that contains blood vessles and nerves
Muscularis
smooth muscle tissue
Serosa
a thin layer of conective and epithelial tissue
Bioenergetics
The flow of the energy through an animal, taking into account the energy stored in the food it consumes, the energy used for basic functions, activity, growth, reproduction, and regulation, and the energy lost due to the environment as heat or in waste
Endothermic
refering to organisms with bodies that are warmed by heat generated by metabolism. This heat is usually used to maintain a realtively stable body temperature higher than that of the external environment
Ectothermic
referring to organisms that do not produce enough metabolic heat to have much effect on the body temperature.
Bassal metabolic Rate
The metabolic rate of resting and nonstressed endotherm
standard metabolic rate
The metabolic rate of a resting, fasting and nonstressed endotherm
Interstitial Fluid
The internal environment of vertebrates, consisting of the fluid filling the spaces between cells
Homeostasis
The steady state of physiological condition of the body
Regulator
A characterization of an animal in regard to environmental variables. A regulator uses mechanisms of homeostasis to moderate internal changes in the face of external fluctuations
Conformer
A characterization of an animal in regard environmental variables. conformer allows for some variables in its body to vary with certain external changes
Negative Feedback
A primary mechanism of homeostasis, where by change in physiological variable that is being monitored triggers a response that counteracts the initial functional
Positive Feedback
A physiological mechanism in which a change in some variable triggers mechanisms that amplify the change
Thermoregulation
the maintenance of internal body temperature within a tolerable range
Ectotherm
an animal , such as reptile (other than birds) fish, amphibians that must use the environmental energy and behavioral adaptions to regulate its body temperature.
Endotherm
An animal such as a bird or a mammal, that uses metabolic heat to regulate body heat
Vasodialation
an increase in the diameter of superficial blood vessels triggered by nerve signals that relax the muscles of the vessel walls
Vasoconstriction
A decrease in the diameter of superficial blood vessels triggered by nerve signals that contract the muscles of the vessical walls
Countercurrent Heat Exchange
The oposite flow adjacemt fluids that maximizes transfer rates; for example blood in the gills flows in the opposite direction in which water passes over the gills, maximizing oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide loss
Nonshivering thermogenesis
the increased production of heat in some mammals by the action of certain hormones that cause mitocondria to increase their metabolic activity and produced heat instead of atp
Brown Fat
A tissue in some mammals, located in the neck and between the shoulders, that is specialized for rapid heat production
Stress Induced Proteins
Molecules including heat shock protines, that are produced with in the cells in response to exposure to marked increased temperature and to other form of severe stress, such as toxins rapid pH changes, and viral infections
Heat Shock Proteins
A protein that helps protect other proteins during heat stress. Heat-shock proteins are found in proteins are found in animals, plants and microorganisms
Torpor
In animals, a physiological state that conserves energy by slowing down metabolism
Hibernation
A physiciological state that allows survival during long periods of cold temperatures and reduces food supply in which metabolism decreases the heart and respiratory system slows down, and the body is maintained at a lower levels than normal
Estivation
Summer torpor that is characterized by slow metabolism and inactivity and permits survival during long periods of elevated temperature and diminished water supply
Daily Torpor
A daily decrease in metabolic activity and body temperature during times of inactivity for some small mammals and birds