Chapter 40 Study Guide

Front 1

Define bioenergetics

Back 1

The flow of energy through an animal, taking into account the energy stored in the food it consumes, the energy used for basic functions, activity, growth, reproduction, and regulation, and the energy lost to the environment as heat or in waste.

Front 2

Distinguish between anatomy and physiology. Explain how functional anatomy relates to these terms

Back 2

Anatomy is the form of an organism and its study
Physiology is the biological function of an organism

Front 3

Define tissue

Back 3

An integrated group of cells with a common function, structure, or both.

Front 4

Epithelial tissue

Back 4

Covers the outside of the body and lines internal organs and cavities

Front 5

Connective tissue
Adipose tissue
Fibrous connective tissue
Cartilage
bone
blood

Back 5

Connective tissue binds and supports other tissues.
Apidoes tissue pads and insulates the body
Fibrous connective tissue which is tendons and ligaments
Cartilage stronge and flexible support material
Bone-mineralized connective tissue
blood transport oxygen, white for defense, platelets to aid in blood clots

Front 6

Muscle tissue
Skeletal muscle
Cardiac muscle
Smooth muscle

Back 6

Muscle tissue contacts in response to nerve tissues.
Skeletal muscle- voluntary movement
Cardiac muscle contraction of the heart
Smooth muscle are for involuntart body activitys

Front 7

Nervous tissue
Neuron

Back 7

transmits nerve signals throught the animal
Neuron transport nerve impulses

Front 8

Define Biosynthese

Back 8

is an enzyme-catalyzed process in cells of living organisms by which substrates are converted to more complex products

Front 9

Define homeostasis. Describe the three functional components of a homeostatic control system.

Back 9

The steady-state physiological condition of the body.

Front 10

Define Thermoregulation. Explain in general terms how endotherms and ectotherms manage their heat budget.

Back 10

The maintenance of internal temperature within a tolerable range. Endotjer,s gemerate heat to keep their body substantially warmer then its surrounding in a cold environment and in the cold they have mechanisms for cooling the body. Ecotherms consume less food and seek shade or basking in the sun for energy

Front 11

Name and describe four physical processes by which animals exchange heat with their environment

Back 11

Radiation-Emission of electronic waves of all objects with energy(from sun)
Evaporation- The removal of heat from the surface of a liquid that is losing some of its molecules as gas(sweat)
Convection-the transfor of heat by the movement of air or liquid past the surface(air currents)
Conduction- The direct transfer of thermal motion between molecules of objects in direct contact(rock)

Front 12

Discuss the role of hair, feathers, and adipose tissue in insulation

Back 12

Reduces the flow of heat exchange between and animal and its environment.

Front 13

Explain the role of vasoconstriction and vasodilation in modifying the transfer of body heat with its environment.

Back 13

Vasodilation is an increase in the of superficial blood vessels. Blood flow to the skin is elevated.
Vasoconstriction reduces blood flow and heat transfers by decreasing the diamter of superficial vessels.

Front 14

Describe animal adaptions to facilitate evaporative cooling.

Back 14

a countercurrent exchange system traps heat in the body core, thus reducing heat loss from the extremities.

Front 15

Explain how ectotherms and endotherms may acclimatize to changing environmental temperatures

Back 15

Enderotherms adjust the amount of body insulation and ectotherms undergo a variety of changes at the cellular level.

Front 16

Distinguish between regulators and conformers for a particular environmental variable.

Back 16

In cold water an endotherm with regulate its body heat keeping it stable and an ectotherm will allow its internal environment to comform to the temperature of the water.