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35 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Solvent
the component in a solutions present in the largest amount.
Solute
The component of the solution that is present in the lesser amount
Electrolyte
A solute that produces ions in solution and does not conduct electricity
Nonelectrolyte
A substance that does not produce ions in solution and does not conduct electricity
Weak electrolyte
Solutes that exist in solution primarily as molecules with only a small fraction in the form of ions
Strong Electrolyte
Solutes that exist in solution completely or nearly completely as ions
Chemical Equilibrium
A state of dynamic balance in which the rate of formation of product from the reactants is equal to the rate of formation of reactants from the product
Precipitate
An insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution
Precipitation reactions
Reactions in which an insoluble product, called a precipitate, forms
Solubility
the amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature
Metathesis Reaction
Reactions in which positive ions and negative ions appear to exchange partners
Molecular equation
chemical equation showing the complete chemical formulas of all reactants and products.
Complete ionic equation
an equation with all soluble strong electrolytes shown as ions
Spectator ions
ions that are present, but play no direct role in a reaction
New ionic equation
A chemical equation for a solution reaction in which soluble strong electrolytes are written as ions and spectator ions are omitted.
Acid
A substance that ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions
Base
Substance that accepts (reacts with)H+ ions
Strong Acid
An acid that ionizes completely in water
Strong Base
A base that ionizes completely in water
Neutralization Reaction
A reaction in which an acid and base react in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts.
Oxidation-reduction reaction
A reaction involving the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another
Oxidation
The process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons.
Reduction
the process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons.
Oxidation Number
A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion based on a set of formal rules. To some extent it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom.
displacement Reactions
Oxidation-reduction reaction between metals and acids and between metals and salts. The products reactions are always an element (H2 or a metal) and a salt.
base
A substance that accepts hydrogen ions
Monoprotic acid
An acid that yields one H+ ion per molecule of acid
Diprotic acid
an acid that yields two H+ ions per molecule of acid
titration
A procedure for quantitative analysis of a substance by an essentially complete reaction is solution with a measure volume of a reagent of known concentration
Qualitative analysis
the determination of the presence or absence of a particular substance in a mixture
Quantitative analysis
the determination of the amount of a given substance that is present in a sample
Equivalence point
the point in titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution
end point
the point at which an indicator changes color during a titration. The end usually coincides very nearly to the equivalence point
Indicator
A dye used in an acid-base titration which signals the end point
Molarity
the number of moles of solute per liter of solution