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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Solvent
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the component in a solutions present in the largest amount.
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Solute
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The component of the solution that is present in the lesser amount
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Electrolyte
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A solute that produces ions in solution and does not conduct electricity
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Nonelectrolyte
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A substance that does not produce ions in solution and does not conduct electricity
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Weak electrolyte
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Solutes that exist in solution primarily as molecules with only a small fraction in the form of ions
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Strong Electrolyte
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Solutes that exist in solution completely or nearly completely as ions
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Chemical Equilibrium
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A state of dynamic balance in which the rate of formation of product from the reactants is equal to the rate of formation of reactants from the product
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Precipitate
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An insoluble solid formed by a reaction in solution
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Precipitation reactions
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Reactions in which an insoluble product, called a precipitate, forms
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Solubility
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the amount of a substance that can be dissolved in a given quantity of solvent at a given temperature
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Metathesis Reaction
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Reactions in which positive ions and negative ions appear to exchange partners
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Molecular equation
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chemical equation showing the complete chemical formulas of all reactants and products.
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Complete ionic equation
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an equation with all soluble strong electrolytes shown as ions
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Spectator ions
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ions that are present, but play no direct role in a reaction
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New ionic equation
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A chemical equation for a solution reaction in which soluble strong electrolytes are written as ions and spectator ions are omitted.
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Acid
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A substance that ionizes in aqueous solutions to form hydrogen ions
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Base
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Substance that accepts (reacts with)H+ ions
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Strong Acid
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An acid that ionizes completely in water
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Strong Base
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A base that ionizes completely in water
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Neutralization Reaction
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A reaction in which an acid and base react in stoichiometrically equivalent amounts.
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Oxidation-reduction reaction
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A reaction involving the transfer of electrons from one reactant to another
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Oxidation
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The process whereby a reactant loses one or more electrons.
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Reduction
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the process whereby a reactant gains one or more electrons.
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Oxidation Number
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A positive or negative whole number assigned to an element in a molecule or ion based on a set of formal rules. To some extent it reflects the positive or negative character of that atom.
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displacement Reactions
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Oxidation-reduction reaction between metals and acids and between metals and salts. The products reactions are always an element (H2 or a metal) and a salt.
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base
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A substance that accepts hydrogen ions
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Monoprotic acid
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An acid that yields one H+ ion per molecule of acid
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Diprotic acid
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an acid that yields two H+ ions per molecule of acid
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titration
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A procedure for quantitative analysis of a substance by an essentially complete reaction is solution with a measure volume of a reagent of known concentration
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Qualitative analysis
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the determination of the presence or absence of a particular substance in a mixture
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Quantitative analysis
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the determination of the amount of a given substance that is present in a sample
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Equivalence point
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the point in titration at which the added solute reacts completely with the solute present in the solution
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end point
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the point at which an indicator changes color during a titration. The end usually coincides very nearly to the equivalence point
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Indicator
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A dye used in an acid-base titration which signals the end point
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Molarity
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the number of moles of solute per liter of solution
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