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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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radioactivity
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the tendency of some elements (U) to emit radiation as a result of changes in the nucleus
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alpha particle
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a helium atomic nucleus- 2 protons and 2 neutrons and is ejected by radioactive elements
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beta particle
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an electron ejected from an atomic nucleus dring the radioactive decay of certain nuclei
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gamma ray
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high energy radiation emitted by the nuclei of radioactive atoms
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rem
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a unit for measuring the ability of radiation to harm living tissue
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Strong Nuclear Force
SNF |
interaction between all nucleons
sensitive to distance |
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transmutation
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loss or gain of protons
another element is formed |
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half-life
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the time it takes for a radioactive isotope to decay
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carbon-14 dating
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process of estimating the age of once living material
measures the amount of a radioactive isotope of carbon present in the material |
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nuclear fission
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the splitting of a nucleus
releases a lot of energy |
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chain reaction
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-cell sustaining reaction
-products will stimulate more reaction -only works in some isotopes |
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U-238
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most abundant
not refined |
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U-235
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least abundant
is enriched |
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critical mass
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the minimun mass of material needed to sustain a chain reaction
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nuclear fusion
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joining together nuclei
creates lots of energy |
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advantages of fusion
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plenty of fuel (hydrogen)
byproducts are not radioactive huge amounts of energy |
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disadvantages of fusion
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very complicated
no substance on Earth that can sustain the temp needed for the reaction |
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ways to enrich uranium
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centrifuge
physical properties gas diffusion(force gas thru members) |
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advantages of nuclear energy
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lower pollution
more energy for less more U deposits than coal cleaner |
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disadvantages of nuclear energy
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radioactive waste
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