Chapter 4 - Vertebral Column

Front 1

How many vertebrae is the vertebral column made up of?

What are they?

Back 1

33 vertebrae

Cervical

Thoracic

Lumbar

Sacral

Coccygeal sections

Front 2

Which vertebrae convex forward (aka?) ?

Back 2

Lordotic

Cervical and lumbar

Front 3

Which vertebrae convex backward (aka?) ?

Back 3

Kyphotic

Thoracic and sacral

Front 4

A typical vertebra consists of?

Back 4

2 main parts

Body (anterior element)

Vertebral arch (posterior element)

Front 5

The vertebras body's main function is?

Back 5

Support body weight

Front 6

What is the compact bone on the superior and inferior surfaces of the vertebral body called?

Back 6

Vertebral end plate

Front 7

The ringlike arch that attaches to the side of the body that creates a space called?

Back 7

Vertebral foramen

Front 8

The ringlike arch that attaches to the side of the body that creates a space called?

Back 8

Vertebral foramen

Front 9

The succession of the vertebral foramina forms ?

Back 9

Vertebral canal

Front 10

The ringlike arch that attaches to the side of the body that creates a space called?

Back 10

Vertebral foramen

Front 11

The succession of the vertebral foramina forms ?

Back 11

Vertebral canal

Front 12

What contains and protects the spinal cord?

Back 12

Vertebral canal

Front 13

What forms the vertebral arch?

Back 13

2 - pedicles

2 - laminae

2 - spinous process

2 - transverse processes

2 - superior articular processes

2 - inferior articular processes

Front 14

What is formed when two pedicles project from the body to meet with two laminae, which continue posteriorly and medially to form ?

Back 14

A spinous process

Front 15

What projects laterally from the junction of the pedicle and lamina

Back 15

Transverse process

Front 16

What is located on the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicles with a concave surface?

Back 16

Vertebral notch

Front 17

What is located on the upper and lower surfaces of the pedicles with a concave surface?

Back 17

Vertebral notch

Front 18

What is formed when the superior and inferior notches of adjacent vertebrae meet?

Back 18

Intervertebral foramina

Front 19

What allows for the transmission of spinal nerves and blood vessels

Back 19

Intervertebral foramina

Front 20

How many articulate processes are there?

What are they?

Back 20

4 articular processes

2 superior and 2 inferior

Front 21

How many articulate processes are there?

What are they?

Back 21

4 articular processes

2 superior and 2 inferior

Front 22

When the articular processes arise from the junctions of the pedicles and laminae to articulate with adjacent vertebrae they form?

Back 22

Zygapophyseal joints (Facet joints)

Front 23

Gives additional support and allow movement of the vertebral column

Back 23

Zygapophyseal joints

Front 24

What are shock absorbing and separates the vertebral bodies?

Back 24

(Cartilaginous)

Intervertebral disks

Front 25

Intervertebral disks consists of ??

Back 25

Semigelatinous material called Nucleus Pulposus ----(inside)

And a firm outer portion termed annulus fibrosus-----(outside)

Like crustables

Front 26

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Back 26

7

Front 27

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Back 27

7

Front 28

Within the transverse process of each cervical vertebra is a ?

What's it for?

Back 28

Transverse Foramen

Allow passage of the vertebral arteries and veins

Front 29

What is the first cervical vertebra termed?

Why?

Back 29

Atlas

Because it supports the head

Front 30

What is the first cervical vertebra termed?

Why?

Back 30

Atlas

Because it supports the head

Front 31

What is formed when the atlas's large superior articular processes articulate with the occipital condyles of the cranium?

Back 31

Atlantooccipital joint

Front 32

The atlas has no?

Back 32

Has no body and no spinous process

Front 33

The atlas has no?

Back 33

Has no body and no spinous process

Front 34

What does the atlas consist of?

Back 34

Anterior arch

Posterior arch

And two large lateral masses

Front 35

What is the second cervical vertebra called?

Back 35

Axis

Front 36

What is the second cervical vertebra called?

Back 36

Axis

Front 37

What does the axis have and where does it project?

Why?

Back 37

Has a large odontoid process (dens)

It projects into the anterior ring of the atlas

Acts as a pivot for rotational movement of the atlas

Front 38

The atlas articulates with the axis at the ?

Back 38

Atlantoaxial joint

Front 39

C3-C6 have ?

Back 39

Bifid spinous processes

Front 40

The seventh cervical vertebra is aka ?

It has a long ? That is palpable ?

Back 40

Vertebra prominens

Has a long spinous process

Palpable posteriorly

Front 41

How many vertebrae make up the thoracic section?

Back 41

12

Front 42

All thoracic vertebrae have ?

They are located ??

Articulates with

Back 42

Costal facets

Located on the body and

transverse process

Articulates with the ribs

Front 43

Within the thoracic vertebrae the head of the rib articulates with vertebral bodies at the

Back 43

Costovertebral joints

Front 44

Within the thoracic vertebrae the head of the rib articulates with vertebral bodies at the

Back 44

Costovertebral joints

Front 45

Within the thoracic vertebrae the tubercle of the ribs articulates with the transverse processes at the ?

Back 45

Costotransverse joints

Front 46

How many vertebrae does the lumbar section have?

Back 46

5

Front 47

How many vertebrae does the lumbar section have?

Back 47

5

Front 48

How is L5 characterized?

Back 48

By its massive transverse processes

Front 49

How is the upper body transferred?

Back 49

From the fifth lumbar vertebra to the base of the sacrum across the L5-S1 intervertebral disk

Front 50

What does the sacral section consists of?

Back 50

5 vertebrae that fuse to form the sacrum

Front 51

Sacrums transverse processes combine to form ? Which articulates with the pelvic bones at the ?

Back 51

Lateral Masses (ala)

Sacroiliac joints

Front 52

Sacrums transverse processes combine to form ? Which articulates with the pelvic bones at the ?

Back 52

Lateral Masses (ala)

Sacroiliac joints

Front 53

What is the sacral foramina used for?

Back 53

Allows for the passage of nerves

Front 54

In the sacrum the anterior surface of the body is called ?

Back 54

Sacral promontory

Front 55

In the sacrum the anterior surface of the body is called ?

Back 55

Sacral promontory

Front 56

A bony landmark that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

Back 56

Sacral promontory

Front 57

In the sacrum the anterior surface of the body is called ?

Back 57

Sacral promontory

Front 58

A bony landmark that separates the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity

Back 58

Sacral promontory

Front 59

In the 5th sacral segment the spinous process is absent leaving an opening termed ?

Back 59

Sacral hiatus

Front 60

What is located inferior to the fifth sacral segment?

Back 60

Coccyx

Front 61

What is located inferior to the fifth sacral segment?

Back 61

Coccyx

Front 62

Coccyx is formed by

Back 62

3 to 5 small fused bony segments

Front 63

What represents the most inferior portion of the vertebral column

Back 63

Coccyx