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27 Cards in this Set

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  • Back

amino group:

A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bond to twohydrogen atoms (-NH2)


carbonyl group:


A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones andconsisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom (-C=O)

carboxyl group:

A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of asingle carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atoms ad also bonded to a hydroxylgroup (-COOH)

cis:

Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in acarbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the same siderelative to the double bond.

enantiomer:

One of two molecules that are mirror images of each other.

functional group:


A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to thecarbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions


geometric isomer:


One of several organic compounds that have the same molecularformula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms around a double bond.


hydrocarbon:


An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.


hydroxyl group:

A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atoms joined to anoxygen atoms by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are solublein water and are called alcohols (-OH)

Isomers:

One of several organic molecules with the same molecular formula butdifferent structures and therefore different properties.

organic chemistry:

The study of carbon or organic compounds.

phosphate group:

A functional group important in energy transfer which contains a phosphorus atom bonded to carbon and 4 oxygen atoms.

structural isomer:


One of several organic molecules that have the same molecularformula but differ in the covalent branching arrangements of their atoms.


sulfhydryl group:

A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to ahydrogen atom (-SH)

thiol:

An organic compound which contains a sulfhydryl group.

trans:

Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in acarbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the oppositeside relative to the double bond.

Organic molecules have ________ as the predominant element.

carbon

Carbon can form #_ bonds allowing it to create many versatile molecules of varying lengths, position of double bonds and ring structures.

Carbon can form 4 bonds allowing it to create many versatile molecules of varyinglengths, position of double bonds and ring structures.

Carbon most commonly bonds with ____ (capable of 1 bond), _______ (capable of 3bonds) and ______ (capable of 2 bonds).

Hyrdrogen, Nitrogen, oxygen

A ________ is entirely made of carbon and hydrogen and is ________ due to the non-polar bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms.


Hydrocarbon, hydrophobic

Hydroxyl:

carbon bonded to oxygen which is bonded to a hydrogen: C-OH


• Alcohols: organic compounds w/ -OH


• Polar so soluble in water


Carbonyl:

carbon double bonded to oxygen: C=O


• Aldehyde: if at end of skeleton


• Ketone: if in the middle (end in –one like acetone)


Carboxyl:


carbon double bonded to oxygen and hydroxyl group: -COOH


• Carboxylic acids or organic acids


Amino:


carbon bonded to a nitrogen that is bonded to 2 H: C-NH2


• Amines have this functional group
• Amino acids (monomers of proteins) have both amino group AND carboxylgroup


Sulfhydryl:

Sulfhydryl: carbon bonded to sulfur which is bonded to a hydrogen: C-SH


• Sulfur can form 2 covalent bonds (valence of 6)
• Thiols: organic compounds containing sulfhydryls
• Stabilizes structure of proteins--disulfide bridges

Phosphates:

phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms with one bond double


• Typically has a charge due to loss of H+ • Important role in energy transfer (ATP), phosphilipid structure and nucleotides


Methyl:


carbon atom bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms