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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
amino group: |
A functional group that consists of a nitrogen atom bond to twohydrogen atoms (-NH2) |
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carbonyl group: |
A functional group present in aldehydes and ketones andconsisting of a carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atom (-C=O) |
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carboxyl group: |
A functional group present in organic acids and consisting of asingle carbon atom double bonded to an oxygen atoms ad also bonded to a hydroxylgroup (-COOH) |
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cis: |
Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in acarbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the same siderelative to the double bond. |
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enantiomer: |
One of two molecules that are mirror images of each other. |
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functional group:
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A specific configuration of atoms commonly attached to thecarbon skeletons of organic molecules and usually involved in chemical reactions
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geometric isomer:
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One of several organic compounds that have the same molecularformula but differ in the spatial arrangements of their atoms around a double bond.
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hydrocarbon:
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An organic molecule consisting of only carbon and hydrogen.
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hydroxyl group: |
A functional group consisting of a hydrogen atoms joined to anoxygen atoms by a polar covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are solublein water and are called alcohols (-OH) |
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Isomers: |
One of several organic molecules with the same molecular formula butdifferent structures and therefore different properties. |
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organic chemistry: |
The study of carbon or organic compounds. |
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phosphate group: |
A functional group important in energy transfer which contains a phosphorus atom bonded to carbon and 4 oxygen atoms. |
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structural isomer:
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One of several organic molecules that have the same molecularformula but differ in the covalent branching arrangements of their atoms.
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sulfhydryl group: |
A functional group consisting of a sulfur atom bonded to ahydrogen atom (-SH) |
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thiol: |
An organic compound which contains a sulfhydryl group. |
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trans: |
Arrangement of two non-carbon atoms, each bound to one of the carbons in acarbon-carbon double bond, where the two non-carbon atoms are on the oppositeside relative to the double bond. |
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Organic molecules have ________ as the predominant element. |
carbon |
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Carbon can form #_ bonds allowing it to create many versatile molecules of varying lengths, position of double bonds and ring structures. |
Carbon can form 4 bonds allowing it to create many versatile molecules of varyinglengths, position of double bonds and ring structures. |
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Carbon most commonly bonds with ____ (capable of 1 bond), _______ (capable of 3bonds) and ______ (capable of 2 bonds). |
Hyrdrogen, Nitrogen, oxygen |
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A ________ is entirely made of carbon and hydrogen and is ________ due to the non-polar bonds between the carbon and hydrogen atoms.
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Hydrocarbon, hydrophobic |
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Hydroxyl: |
carbon bonded to oxygen which is bonded to a hydrogen: C-OH • Alcohols: organic compounds w/ -OH • Polar so soluble in water
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Carbonyl: |
carbon double bonded to oxygen: C=O • Aldehyde: if at end of skeleton • Ketone: if in the middle (end in –one like acetone)
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Carboxyl:
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carbon double bonded to oxygen and hydroxyl group: -COOH • Carboxylic acids or organic acids
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Amino:
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carbon bonded to a nitrogen that is bonded to 2 H: C-NH2 • Amines have this functional group
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Sulfhydryl: |
Sulfhydryl: carbon bonded to sulfur which is bonded to a hydrogen: C-SH • Sulfur can form 2 covalent bonds (valence of 6) |
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Phosphates: |
phosphorus atom bonded to 4 oxygen atoms with one bond double • Typically has a charge due to loss of H+ • Important role in energy transfer (ATP), phosphilipid structure and nucleotides
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Methyl:
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carbon atom bonded to 3 hydrogen atoms
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