Chapter 4, Section 3

Front 1

Mason-Dixon Line

Back 1

The Mason-Dixon line was the boundary that was created not only to divide Pennsylvania from Maryland, but the Southern Colonies from the Middle Colonies. It was mainly founded by the result of Cresap’s War, the argument about borders between the two colonies. This disagreement was settled by Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon in 1760 as they surveyed the land and marked the border.

Front 2

Act of Toleration

Back 2

Passed in 1649, Lord Baltimore had feared that Protestants might try to deprive Catholics of their right to worship freely. At the time, he had been welcoming Protestants too so that his colony could grow. He asked his elected assembly to pass the law, which provided religious freedom for all Christians; it did not, however, extend to Jews.

Front 3

Bacon's Rebellion

Back 3

As an act against the government, angry citizens of 1676 joined Nathaniel Bacon in a rebellion. They raided Native American villages and burned Jamestown when Newcomers were forced to settle closer and closer to Indian lands. When he died, though, the rebellion ended with the hanging of 23 of his followers.

Front 4

Indigo

Back 4

A plant used to make a valuable blue dye. Settlers in South Carolina learned how to raise it after slaves from rice-growing areas of Africa arrived in the colony.

Front 5

Debtor

Back 5

A person who owed money. Georgia was founded by James Oglethorpe for debtors to make a fresh start. Supposedly, the government could imprison debtors until they paid what they owed, James Oglethorpe would pay for them and allow them a fresh start in Georgia.

Front 6

Slave Codes

Back 6

Laws that were passed by the colonists regarding African slaves placed limits on their civil rights. The codes treated them as not humans, but property.

Front 7

Racism

Back 7

The belief that one race is superior to another.

Front 8

Sir George Calvert

Back 8

Sir George Calvert became a Roman Catholic in 1632. By so doing, he ruined his career in England, as it was Protestant. He then got King Charles I to grant him land for a colony where Catholics could practice their religion freely. He named it Maryland in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria, but died before he could finish his project.

Front 9

Lord Baltimore

Back 9

The son of Sir George Calvert was Cecil, later known as Lord Baltimore. After Sir George Calvert died, he took over the task of founding Maryland. He founded St. Mary’s in the spring of 1634 along with 200 other colonists. Lord Baltimore was then appointed a governor and council.

Front 10

Chesapeake Bay

Back 10

Between Virginia and Maryland colonies, Chesapeake Bay was full of fish, oysters, and crabs.

Front 11

St. Mary's

Back 11

Built on a dry location, St. Mary’s was founded in the spring of 1634 by 200 colonists and Lord Baltimore. It was near the Chesapeake Bay and, remembering Jamestown’s problems, the settlers avoided swampy lowlands.

Front 12

Margaret and Mary Brent

Back 12

Lord Baltimore, in the attempt to attract more people to his colony, gave generous land grants to those who brought servants, women, and children. Taking advantage of his offer, two sisters arrived in 1638 along with 9 servants. They set up two plantations, about 1,000 acres each, and helped prevent a rebellion.

Front 13

Nathaniel Bacon

Back 13

In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon organized angry men and women on the frontier. He raided Native American villages and burned the capital of Jamestown. They had done so because Newcomers were forced to push farther inland onto Indian lands and battles were fought, but without help from the governor. Nathaniel then died, ending Bacon’s Rebellion.

Front 14

Charles Town

Back 14

Upon settling the Carolinas, it was divided into the North and South. Charles Town (later known as Charleston) became the largest settlement, where the Ashley and Cooper rivers met. In 1719, it became known as South Carolina. Most settlers came from Barbados.

Front 15

James Oglethorp

Back 15

A respected soldier and energetic reformer who founded Georgia in 1732. He wanted it to be a place where debtors could make a fresh start. Because debtors could be imprisoned until they paid what they owed, James Oglethorpe would sometimes pay for them and for them to travel to Georgia.

Front 16

Savannah

Back 16

The first settlement of Georgia was founded in 1733 above the Savannah River. It had strict rules, but after they were changed, it grew more quickly.

Front 17

The Tidewater

Back 17

As the South evolved, two ways of life did so as well. One of which was known as the Tidewater. Many slaves worked on large plantations in the Tidewater, which got its name for the land was washed by ocean tides. Most of these plantations had their own docks.

Front 18

The Backcountry

Back 18

West of the Tidewater, closer to the Appalachians, was the Backcountry. There was rich soil and it could also be reached from the Great Wagon Road. They were more democratic, treating each other more as equals and having fewer enslaved Africans.

Front 19

The Middle Passage

Back 19

As the Atlantic Slave Trade continued people began to refer to the passage as the Middle Passage in the 1700’s. Along this passage, many Africans were stowed in uncomfortable positions beneath the decks. Occasionally, they would stage a mutiny, which caused the slave traders to live in constant fear. 10% of Africans aboard a ship would die from illness, suicide, or mistreatment.