Chapter 4 Science Vocab

Front 1

valence electron

Back 1

an electron that is associated with an atom, and that can participate in the formation of a chemical bond; in a single covalent bond

Front 2

electron dot diagram

Back 2

are diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule and the lone pairs ofelectrons that may exist in the molecule.

Front 3

chemical bond

Back 3

is the physical phenomenon of chemical substances being held together by attraction of atoms to each other through sharing, as well as exchanging, of electrons -or electrostatic forces.

Front 4

ion

Back 4

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

Front 5

polyatomic ion

Back 5

also known as a molecularion, is a charged chemical species (ion) composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit.

Front 6

ionic bond

Back 6

is the complete transfer of valence electron(s) between atoms and is a type of chemical bond that generates two oppositely charged ions.

Front 7

ionic compound

Back 7

a chemical compound comprising ions held together by electrostatic forces termed ionic bonding.

Front 8

chemical formula

Back 8

that shows the total number and kinds of atoms in a molecule, but not their structural arrangement.

Front 9

subscript

Back 9

Numbers to the lower right of chemical symbols in a formula aresubscripts, indicating the specific number of atoms of the element found in the substance.

Front 10

crystal

Back 10

A crystal or crystalline solid is a solid material whose constituents, such as atoms, molecules or ions

Front 11

covalent bond

Back 11

a chemical bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.

Front 12

molecule

Back 12

a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical reaction.

Front 13

molecular compound

Back 13

a compound regarded as a union of molecules retaining their identities

Front 14

double bond

Back 14

a chemical bond in which two pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Front 15

triple bond

Back 15

a chemical bond in which three pairs of electrons are shared between two atoms.

Front 16

nonpolar bond

Back 16

equal sharing of the bond electrons, arise when the electro negativities of the two atoms are equal.

Front 17

polar bond

Back 17

a type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms.

Front 18

reactant

Back 18

a substance that takes part in and undergoes change during a reaction.

Front 19

product

Back 19

are the species formed from chemical reactions.

Front 20

chemical equation

Back 20

is the symbolic representation of a chemical reaction in the form of symbols and formulae, wherein the reactant entities are given on the left-hand side and the product entities on the right-hand side.

Front 21

law of conservation of mass

Back 21

mass in an isolated system is neither created nor destroyed by chemical reactions or physical transformations.

Front 22

open system

Back 22

a material system in which mass or energy can be lost to or gained from the environment.

Front 23

closed system

Back 23

is a physicalsystem that doesn't exchange any matter with its surroundings, and isn't subject to any force whose source is external to the system.

Front 24

coefficient

Back 24

a constant term related to the properties of a product.

Front 25

senthesis

Back 25

a written discussion that draws on one or more sources.

Front 26

decomposition

Back 26

a type of chemical reaction in which a single compound breaks down into two or more elements or new compounds.

Front 27

replacement

Back 27

a type of oxidation-reduction chemical reaction when an element or ion moves out of one compound and into another - that is, one element is replaced by another in a compound.