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63 Cards in this Set
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Collectyions of specialized cells and cell products that are organized to perform a relatively limited number of functions |
Definition of tissue |
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Study of tissues |
Definition of histology |
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released onto the surface of the skin/epithelial surface
Glands with ducts |
Definition of exocrine secretions |
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released into the surrounding interstial fluid and blood; (hormones); ex. thyroid and pituitary gland secretions
Ductless glands |
Definition of endocrine secretions |
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transmembrane proteins that bind to each other and to extracellular materials |
Cell adhesion molecules (CAMS) |
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thin layer of Proteoglycans that bonds adjacent cell membranes |
intercellular cement |
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partial fusion of lipid parts of two cell membranes |
tight junctions (the strongest of all) |
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Cams and Proteoglycans linking opposing cell membranes; very strong, can resist stretching and twisting |
Desmosomes |
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interlocking of membrane proteins (connexons) hold cells together |
Gap Junctions |
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Continually replace the short-lived epithelial cells |
Divisions by stem cells (germinative cells) |
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simple squamous epithelium that lines the ventral body cavities |
mesothelium |
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a simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels |
endothelium |
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most common secretion method, the product is released by secretory vesicles through exocytosis; ex. perspiration of skin |
Merocrine secretion |
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formed by one type of merocrine secretion and water. Effective lubricant protective barrier sticky trap for foreign particles and microorganisms |
Mucus from Merocrine secretion |
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involves the loss of both secretory product and cytoplasm; ex underarm perspiration, mammary milk |
Apocrine secretions |
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destroys the cell, cell becomes packed with secretions and bursts; ex-sebacious glands associated with hair follicles |
Holocrine secretion |
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secrete water solution that contains enzymes ex. parotid salivary glands |
Serous glands |
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secrete MUCINS (glycoproteins) that upon hydration form mucus (slippery lubricant) |
Mucous gland |
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contain one or more type of gland cell and may produce two different exocrine secretions (one serous and the other mucous); ex submandiublar salvary glands |
Mixed exocrine glands |
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Most abundant permanent resident; secrete hyaluronan (polysaccharide) and proteins. Hyaluronan and proteins interact to form the proteoglycans-give ground substance viscous properties |
fibroblast |
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Large amoeboid cells, engulf pathogens or damaged cells. When stimulated the macrophages activate the immune system and attract other macrophages |
macrophages |
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spend time within a particular tissue |
fixed macrophages |
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move rapidly through the tissue |
free macrophages |
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contains one enormous lipid droplet. The amount varies among connective tissue and among individuals |
adipocytes |
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stem cells, divide to produce daughter cells in responce to local injury or infection |
mesenchymal cells |
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synthesize and store melanin |
melanocytes |
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long straight and unbranched; most common fibers; made up of fibrous protein subunits |
collagen fibers |
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thinner than collagen fibers; form branching interwoven framework (tough, flexible) called stroma-stabilizes the parnchma-functional cells;are made up of fibrous protein subunits; help stabilize the positions of an organ's blood vessels, nerves and other structures |
reticular fibers |
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contain elastin (protein); branched and wavy; after stretching they return to the original length |
elastic fibers |
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Fills the space between cells and surrounds the connective tissue fibers clear viscous colorless consistency similar to syrup slows the spread of pathogens through the tissue |
ground substance |
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a specialized type of adipose tissue found in human infants, human young children and the newborn of many other mammals between the shoulder blades and around the neck the metabolism of it serves as a source of heat until the infant acquires the ability to thermoregulate |
brown fat |
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enlarges the cartilage from within |
interstitial growth |
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new layers of cartilage are added to the surface; minor damage to cartilage can be repaired by this growth |
appositional growth |
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form a barrier or interface. Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form these that cover and protect other structures and tissues. There are four types of these |
membranes |
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line cavities that communicate with exterior contain loose connective tissue called the lamina propria many are lined by simple epithelia that have absorptive or secretory functions |
mucous membranes |
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line the body's sealed internal cavities contain mesothelium supported by loose connective tissue
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serous membranes |
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covers the body's surface consists of stratified squamous epithelium, ;layer of loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue thick relatively waterproof and usually dryr |
cutaneous membrane |
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form an incomplete lining within the cavities of synovial joints consist of vast areas of specialized loose connective tissue containing matrix of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, glycoproteins
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synovial membrane |
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Connective tissue layers and wrappings that support and surround organs |
fasciae |
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loose connective tissue and fat, seperates skin from underlying tissues and organs |
superficial fascia |
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dense connective tissue makes capsules that surround most organs includes perichondrium, periosteum, ligaments, and tendons components are interwoven |
deep fascia |
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loose connective tissue that is between the deep fascia and the serous membranes that line body cavities |
subserous fascia |
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specialized for contraction |
muscle tissue |
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whose axons are often called nerve fibers, transmit informationas electrical impulses; longest cells in you body (39 inches in length) |
neurons |
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several kinds of; basic functions include supporting neural tissue and helping nutrients to neurons |
neuroglia |
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create the internal framework of the body. |
Connective tissues |
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connect skeletal muscle to bones is maily made up of collagen fibers |
Tendon(characteristics of collagen fibers) |
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Connect bone to bone, is mainly made up of collagen fibers |
Ligaments (Characterisitic of Collagen fibers) |
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interconnect vertebrae; dominated by elastic fibers |
elastic ligaments |
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lines pleura cavities, covers the lungs |
pleura (type of serous membrane) |
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lines the peritoneal cavity, surface of enclosed organs |
peritoneum (type of serous membrane) |
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lines the pericardial cavity, covers the heart |
pericardium (type of serous membrane) |
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fluid formed on surfaces of serous membrane |
transudate |
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Macrophages and specialized fibroblast are lining cells no basement membrane gaps between adjacent cells exchange of fluid and solutes between synovial fluid and capillaries |
Differences between synovial membran and other epithelia |
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term used to refer to muscle cell cytoplasm |
Sarcoplasm |
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term used to refer to muscle cell membrane |
sarcolemma |
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skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle |
types of muscle tissue |
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refers to connective tissue that contain varied cell populations and fiber types surrounded by a syrupy ground substance |
Connective Tissue Proper |
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have a distinctive population of cells suspended in a watery ground substance that contains dissolved proteins |
Fluid connective tissue |
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have a less diverse cell population than connective tissue proper does and a dense ground substance with closely packed fibers. |
Supporting Connective Tissue |
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bones and cartilage |
fits into the supporting connective tissue category |
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blood and lymph |
fits into the fluid connective tissue category |
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Adipose tissue, tendons and ligaments made up of dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, areolar tissue, reticular and elastic |
Connective tissue proper |