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63 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Collectyions of specialized cells and cell products that are organized to perform a relatively limited number of functions

Definition of tissue

Study of tissues

Definition of histology

released onto the surface of the skin/epithelial surface



Glands with ducts

Definition of exocrine secretions

released into the surrounding interstial fluid and blood; (hormones); ex. thyroid and pituitary gland secretions



Ductless glands

Definition of endocrine secretions

transmembrane proteins that bind to each other and to extracellular materials

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMS)

thin layer of Proteoglycans that bonds adjacent cell membranes

intercellular cement

partial fusion of lipid parts of two cell membranes

tight junctions (the strongest of all)

Cams and Proteoglycans linking opposing cell membranes; very strong, can resist stretching and twisting

Desmosomes

interlocking of membrane proteins (connexons) hold cells together

Gap Junctions

Continually replace the short-lived epithelial cells

Divisions by stem cells (germinative cells)

simple squamous epithelium that lines the ventral body cavities

mesothelium

a simple squamous epithelium that lines the heart and blood vessels

endothelium

most common secretion method, the product is released by secretory vesicles through exocytosis; ex. perspiration of skin

Merocrine secretion

formed by one type of merocrine secretion and water.


Effective lubricant


protective barrier


sticky trap for foreign particles and microorganisms

Mucus from Merocrine secretion

involves the loss of both secretory product and cytoplasm; ex underarm perspiration, mammary milk

Apocrine secretions

destroys the cell, cell becomes packed with secretions and bursts; ex-sebacious glands associated with hair follicles

Holocrine secretion

secrete water solution that contains enzymes ex. parotid salivary glands

Serous glands

secrete MUCINS (glycoproteins) that upon hydration form mucus (slippery lubricant)

Mucous gland

contain one or more type of gland cell and may produce two different exocrine secretions (one serous and the other mucous); ex submandiublar salvary glands

Mixed exocrine glands

Most abundant permanent resident; secrete hyaluronan (polysaccharide) and proteins. Hyaluronan and proteins interact to form the proteoglycans-give ground substance viscous properties

fibroblast

Large amoeboid cells, engulf pathogens or damaged cells. When stimulated the macrophages activate the immune system and attract other macrophages

macrophages

spend time within a particular tissue

fixed macrophages

move rapidly through the tissue

free macrophages

contains one enormous lipid droplet. The amount varies among connective tissue and among individuals

adipocytes

stem cells, divide to produce daughter cells in responce to local injury or infection

mesenchymal cells

synthesize and store melanin

melanocytes

long straight and unbranched; most common fibers; made up of fibrous protein subunits

collagen fibers

thinner than collagen fibers; form branching interwoven framework (tough, flexible) called stroma-stabilizes the parnchma-functional cells;are made up of fibrous protein subunits; help stabilize the positions of an organ's blood vessels, nerves and other structures

reticular fibers

contain elastin (protein); branched and wavy; after stretching they return to the original length

elastic fibers

Fills the space between cells and surrounds the connective tissue fibers


clear


viscous


colorless


consistency similar to syrup


slows the spread of pathogens through the tissue

ground substance

a specialized type of adipose tissue


found in human infants, human young children and the newborn of many other mammals


between the shoulder blades and around the neck


the metabolism of it serves as a source of heat until the infant acquires the ability to thermoregulate

brown fat

enlarges the cartilage from within

interstitial growth

new layers of cartilage are added to the surface; minor damage to cartilage can be repaired by this growth

appositional growth

form a barrier or interface. Epithelia and connective tissues combine to form these that cover and protect other structures and tissues. There are four types of these

membranes

line cavities that communicate with exterior


contain loose connective tissue called the lamina propria


many are lined by simple epithelia that have absorptive or secretory functions

mucous membranes

line the body's sealed internal cavities


contain mesothelium supported by loose connective tissue


serous membranes

covers the body's surface


consists of stratified squamous epithelium, ;layer of loose connective tissue, dense connective tissue


thick relatively waterproof and usually dryr

cutaneous membrane

form an incomplete lining within the cavities of synovial joints


consist of vast areas of specialized loose connective tissue containing matrix of collagen fibers, proteoglycans, glycoproteins


synovial membrane

Connective tissue layers and wrappings that support and surround organs

fasciae

loose connective tissue and fat, seperates skin from underlying tissues and organs

superficial fascia

dense connective tissue


makes capsules that surround most organs


includes perichondrium, periosteum, ligaments, and tendons


components are interwoven

deep fascia

loose connective tissue that is between the deep fascia and the serous membranes that line body cavities

subserous fascia

specialized for contraction

muscle tissue

whose axons are often called nerve fibers, transmit informationas electrical impulses; longest cells in you body (39 inches in length)

neurons

several kinds of; basic functions include supporting neural tissue and helping nutrients to neurons

neuroglia

create the internal framework of the body.

Connective tissues

connect skeletal muscle to bones is maily made up of collagen fibers

Tendon(characteristics of collagen fibers)

Connect bone to bone, is mainly made up of collagen fibers

Ligaments (Characterisitic of Collagen fibers)

interconnect vertebrae; dominated by elastic fibers

elastic ligaments

lines pleura cavities, covers the lungs

pleura (type of serous membrane)

lines the peritoneal cavity, surface of enclosed organs

peritoneum (type of serous membrane)

lines the pericardial cavity, covers the heart

pericardium (type of serous membrane)

fluid formed on surfaces of serous membrane

transudate

Macrophages and specialized fibroblast are lining cells


no basement membrane


gaps between adjacent cells


exchange of fluid and solutes between synovial fluid and capillaries

Differences between synovial membran and other epithelia

term used to refer to muscle cell cytoplasm

Sarcoplasm

term used to refer to muscle cell membrane

sarcolemma

skeletal, cardiac and smooth muscle

types of muscle tissue

refers to connective tissue that contain varied cell populations and fiber types surrounded by a syrupy ground substance

Connective Tissue Proper

have a distinctive population of cells suspended in a watery ground substance that contains dissolved proteins

Fluid connective tissue

have a less diverse cell population than connective tissue proper does and a dense ground substance with closely packed fibers.

Supporting Connective Tissue

bones and cartilage

fits into the supporting connective tissue category

blood and lymph

fits into the fluid connective tissue category

Adipose tissue, tendons and ligaments made up of dense regular connective tissue, dense irregular connective tissue, areolar tissue, reticular and elastic

Connective tissue proper