Chapter 4: Perceiving Others

Front 1

What are the four steps?

Back 1

Selection, organization, interpretation, negotiation

Front 2

What are the factors that help us select messages

(5 things)

Back 2

-Intense Stimuli: often attracts attention ex: louder, larger, brighter

Repetitious Stimuli also attracts attn

Contrast or change in stimulation

-Our emotional state shapes what we select at that time

-Motives determine how we see people

Front 3

Name the four types of perceptual schema

Back 3

-Physical constructs
-Role constructs
-Interaction constructs
-psychological constructs

Front 4

Define stereotyping and punctuation

Back 4

stereotyping- exaggerated beliefs associated with categorizing system

punctuation: a term used to describe the casual order of events: the cause & effects in interactions

Front 5

what are the factors used to interpret behavior
(6 factors)

Back 5

1. degree of involvement (w/the person)
2.relational satisfaction
3.personal experience
4.assumptions about human behavior
5.expectations
6.knowledge of others

Front 6

narratives

Back 6

stories we use to describe our personal worlds

Front 7

Define the four influences and give examples

Back 7

Physiological influences: our diff. perspectives com from our physical environment and the ways that our bodies differ from others. ex. "It's too hot in here" "no, it's not"

- Psychological Influences: ex: mood and self-concepts can influence perception

-Social Influences: w/in a culture, our personal point of view plays a strong role in shaping perception
ex:a person's position in society

-Cultural Influences: cultural selection, organization, interpretation, negotiation. ex: a talkative "westerner" and a "silent" Asian both display proper behavior
ex: Teasing humor is used to express affection in the U.S. but not in Russia.

Front 8

Define: six common tendencies in Perception

Back 8

1. We make snap judgments
2. We cling to first impressions
3.We judge ourselves more charitably than we do others
4We're influenced by our expectations.
5.We're influenced by the obvious.
6.We assume others are like us.

Front 9

What are the two tools to use?

Back 9

Perception checking, Building empathy

Front 10

Write out the three steps of a perception check?

Back 10

1. A description of the behavior you noticed.
2. Two possible interpretations of he behavior.
3. A request for clarification about how to interpret the behavior.

Front 11

Create two examples of a perception check.

Back 11

ex: You acted happy and jokingly until we got to the car. Was it something I said to change your mood? Pr is it just my imagination? Is there something wrong?

ex:You said you really like the outfit I picked out, but there was something in your voice that suggested otherwise. Did I pick up a wrong signal? Tell me how you really feel about this outfit.

Front 12

Why and when would we use a perception check?

Back 12

To get a more accurate perception and also its a less threatening way of pointing out behavior than direct confrontation.

Front 13

Define Empathy

Back 13

the ability to re-create another person's perspective, to experience from his pt of view.

Front 14

List the three payoffs for the recipient of empathy

Back 14

1. increased self-esteem
2. comforted
3. target learns to trust the empathizer

Front 15

name the skills and attitudes that are needed to develop stronger empathy

Back 15

Ability to be open minded, understanding, imagination