Chapter 4 Part 2.2

Front 1

Function of dense irregular connective tissue

Back 1

1. Withstands tension exerted in many directions
2. Provides structural strength

Front 2

Location of dense irregular connective tissue

Back 2

1. Fibrous capsules of organs and joints
2. Dermis of skin
3. Submucosa of digestive tract

Front 3

Description of elastic connective tissue

Back 3

Dense regular connective tissue containing a high proportion of elastic fibers

Front 4

Function of elastic connective tissue

Back 4

1. Allows tissue to recoil after stretching
2. Maintains pulsatile flow of blood through arteries
3. Aids passive recoil of lungs following inspiration

Front 5

Location of elastic connective tissue

Back 5

1. Walls of large arteries
2. Within certain ligaments associated with the vertebral column
3. Within the walls of the bronchial tubes

Front 6

Cells in cartilage

Back 6

1. Chondroblasts
2. Chondrocytes

Front 7

Types of cartilage

Back 7

1. Hyaline cartilage
2. Elastic cartilage
3. Fibrocartilage

Front 8

General description of cartilage

Back 8

1. Tough yet flexible
2. Lacks nerve fibers
3. Up to 80% water - can rebound after compression
4. Avascuclar - receives nutrients from membrane surrounding it

Front 9

Description of hyaline cartilage

Back 9

1. Amorphous but firm matrix
2. Collagen fibers form an imperceptible network
3. Chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae

Front 10

Function of hyaline cartilage

Back 10

1. Supports and reinforces
2. Serves as resilent cushion
3. Resists compressive stress

Front 11

Location of hyaline cartilage

Back 11

1. Forms most of the embryonic skeleton
2. Covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities
3. Forms costal cartilages of the ribs
4. Cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

Front 12

Description of elastic cartilage

Back 12

Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix

Front 13

Function of elastic cartilage

Back 13

Maintains shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Front 14

Location of elastic carilage

Back 14

1. Supports the external ear (pinna)
2. Epiglottis (part of the larynx)

Front 15

Describe fibrocartilage

Back 15

1. Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage
2. Thick collagen fibers predominate

Front 16

Function of fibrocartilage

Back 16

Tensile strength allows it to absorb compressive shock

Front 17

Location of fibrocartilage

Back 17

1. Intervertebral discs
2. Pubic symphysis
3. Discs of knee joint

Front 18

What is bone tissue also called?

Back 18

Osseous tissue

Front 19

Cell types in bone tissue

Back 19

1. Osteoblasts
2. Osteocytes

Front 20

Structural units of bone tissue

Back 20

Osteons

Front 21

Describe bone tissue

Back 21

1. Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers (more than cartilage)
2. Osteocytes lie in lacunae
3. Very well vascularized
4. Has inorganic calcium salts

Front 22

Functions of bone tissue

Back 22

1. Supports and protects (by enclosing)
2. Provides levers for the muscles to act on
3. Stores calcium and other minerals and fat
4. Marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Front 23

Location of bone tissue

Back 23

Bones

Front 24

What do osteoblasts do in bone tissue? Osteocytes?

Back 24

Osteoblasts produce matrix; osteocytes maintain matrix

Front 25

Description of blood (connective tissue)

Back 25

1. Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)
2. Fibers are soluble proteins that precipitate during blood clotting

Front 26

Function of blood (connective tissue)

Back 26

Transport respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

Front 27

Location of blood (connective tissue)

Back 27

Contained within blood vessels

Front 28

Word for red blood cells

Back 28

Erythrocytes

Front 29

Types of white blood cells

Back 29

1. Lymphocyte
2. Neutrophil

Front 30

General description of muscle tissue

Back 30

1. Highly vascularized
2. Responsible for most types of movement

Front 31

Types of muscle tissue

Back 31

1. Skeletal muscle tissue
2. Cardiac muscle tissue
3. Smooth muscle tissue

Front 32

Description of skeletal muscle

Back 32

1. Long, cylindrical multinucleate cells
2. Obvious striations

Front 33

Function of skeletal muscle

Back 33

1. Voluntary movement
2. Locomotion
3. Manipulation of the environment
4. Facial expression
5. Voluntary control

Front 34

Location of skeletal muscle

Back 34

In skeletal muscles attached to bones or occasionally skin

Front 35

Description of cardiac muscle

Back 35

Branching, striated, generally uninucleate cells that interdigitate at specialized junctions (intercalated discs)

Front 36

Function of cardiac muscle

Back 36

1. As it contracts, it propels blood into the circulation
2. Involuntary control

Front 37

Location of cardiac muscle

Back 37

The walls of the heart

Front 38

Describe smooth muscle

Back 38

1. Spindle-shaped cells with central nuclei
2. No striations
3. Cells arranged closely to form sheets

Front 39

Function of smooth muscle

Back 39

1. Propels substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways
2. Involuntary control

Front 40

Location of smooth muscle

Back 40

Mostly in the walls of hollow organs

Front 41

What is nervous tissue the main component of?

Back 41

Main component of nervous system

Front 42

Main types of cells in nervous tissue

Back 42

1. Neurons
2. Neuroglia

Front 43

What are neurons?

Back 43

Specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses

Front 44

What are neuroglia?

Back 44

Supporting cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons

Front 45

Describe nervous tissue

Back 45

1. Neurons are branching cells
2. Cell processes that may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing cell body
3. Also contributing to nervous tissue are non-excitable supporting cells

Front 46

Function of nervous tissue

Back 46

1. Neurons transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity
2. Supporting cells support and protect neurons

Front 47

Location of nervous tissue

Back 47

1. Brain
2. Spinal cord
3. Nerves

Front 48

What are covering and lining membranes composed of?

Back 48

At least two primary tissue types

Front 49

What are covering and lining membranes?

Back 49

1. An epithelium bound to underlying connective tissue proper
2. Are simple organs